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Charles Goodyear was an American self-taught chemist and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber, for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Patent Office on June 15, 1844.
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is an American multinational tire manufacturer headquartered in Akron, Ohio. Goodyear manufactures tires for passenger vehicles, aviation, commercial trucks, military and police vehicles, motorcycles, RVs, race cars, and heavy off-road machinery. It also licenses the Goodyear brand to bicycle tire manufacturers, returning from a break in production between 1976 and 2015. As of 2017, Goodyear is one of the top four tire manufacturers along with Bridgestone (Japan), Michelin (France), and Continental (Germany).
Foam rubber is rubber that has been made with a foaming agent so that its structure is an air-filled matrix. Commercial foam rubber is generally made of synthetic rubber, natural latex, or polyurethane. Latex foam rubber, used in mattresses, is well known for its endurance. Polyurethane is a thermosetting polymer that comes from combination of methyl di-isocyanate and polyethylene and some chemical additives.
The Talalay process is a method of producing molded pieces of latex foam rubber. A liquid latex rubber base is introduced to a closed mold and is then vacuumed of air. The mold is then frozen to stabilize the cell structure. Carbon dioxide gas is introduced and the mold is heated to cure the rubber. Leon, Joseph, and Anselm Talalay developed the "Talalay" process at various commercial entities. B.F. Goodrich in Shelton, Connecticut; Dunlopillo in Pannal, Harrogate, UK; and Vita Talalay in Maastricht, Netherlands made this process commercially practical in the late 1940s. The first Talalay production plants were built in England, Canada, and the United States.
Dunlop Ltd. was a British multinational company involved in the manufacture of various natural rubber goods. Its business was founded in 1889 by Harvey du Cros and he involved John Boyd Dunlop who had re-invented and developed the first pneumatic tyre: he invented the first practical pneumatic tyres for his child's tricycle. It was one of the first multinationals, and under du Cros and, after him, under Eric Geddes, grew to be one of the largest British industrial companies. J. B. Dunlop had dropped any ties to it well before his name was used for any part of the business. The business and manufactory was founded in Upper Stephen Street, Dublin. A plaque marks the site, which is now part of the head office of the Irish multinational departments store brand, Dunnes Stores.
Dunlop is a brand of tyre originally produced by the Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company from the end of the 19th century, taking its name from John Boyd Dunlop. The brand is used for many other products made from rubber or with rubber components and some with a looser connection to rubber.
Graham Johnson Lake was an English scientist known for his contributions to understanding rubber's fatigue limit, and a former professional English cricketer.
The Charles Goodyear Medal is the highest honor conferred by the American Chemical Society, Rubber Division. Established in 1941, the award is named after Charles Goodyear, the discoverer of vulcanization, and consists of a gold medal, a framed certificate and prize money. The medal honors individuals for "outstanding invention, innovation, or development which has resulted in a significant change or contribution to the nature of the rubber industry". Awardees give a lecture at an ACS Rubber Division meeting, and publish a review of their work in the society's scientific journal Rubber Chemistry and Technology.
The Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award is a professional award conferred by the ACS Rubber Division. Established in 1983, the award is named after Melvin Mooney, developer of the Mooney viscometer and of the Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic law. The award consists of an engraved plaque and prize money. The medal honors individuals "who have exhibited exceptional technical competency by making significant and repeated contributions to rubber science and technology".
Ray Putnam Dinsmore was a rubber scientist, known for pioneering the use of rayon as a reinforcing material in auto tires. In 1928, Dinsmore patented the first water-emulsion synthetic rubber in the United States. The material later became a staple of the rubber industry during the World War II shortage of natural rubber. Dinsmore worked for the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and developed Chemigum, an early synthetic rubber. Dinsmore hired noted rubber physicist Samuel D. Gehman, and he collaborated with Lorin Sebrell. His authored a popular review on the topic of rubber chemistry for the American Chemical Society's 75th Anniversary. Dinsmore served as chairman of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society in 1927. He received the 1947 Colwyn medal and was named the 1955 Charles Goodyear Medalist.
Alan G. Thomas (1927-2019) was an international authority on the mechanics of rubbery materials, in particular their fracture mechanics properties. Along with Ronald S. Rivlin, he published the Rupture of Rubber series of articles, beginning in 1953. He was the first to apply Griffith's energy release rate criterion to the analysis of rubber's strength and fatigue behavior.
David Spence was one of the pioneering rubber chemists. He helped the war effort during the Second World War by devising new ways of extracting natural rubbers from plants, and worked to improve the processing of the rubber. Over the course of his career, he worked to improve the dyeing processes for rubber products and the vulcanization of rubber, and in developing new accelerants for strengthening lower-quality natural rubber. In 1941, he became the first recipient of the Charles Goodyear Medal, awarded by the American Chemical Society.
Adolf Schallamach (1905–1997) was a scientist at the British Rubber Producers' Research Association noted for pioneering understanding of the mechanisms of rubber friction. He was one of only two electrical engineers ever to win the Charles Goodyear Medal.
Leonard Mullins was a scientist and long-time Research Director at the former Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association. He is known for his work on the stress-softening behavior of rubber, a phenomenon now known widely as the Mullins effect.
Aubert Y. Coran (1932–2020) was an American scientist noted for his contributions to thermoplastic elastomers and vulcanization chemistry of rubber. In 1983, he won the Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award, bestowed by the American Chemical Society to individuals "who have exhibited exceptional technical competency by making significant and repeated contributions to rubber science and technology". In 1995, the rubber division of the American Chemical Society bestowed on Coran the Charles Goodyear Medal in honor of his international contributions to polymer science and development.
William B. Wiegand was a Canadian-born research chemist and later a chemicals industry executive. He was vice president of Columbian Carbon Co., known for his pioneering work on carbon black technology. Wiegand developed a type of heat engine, the rubber pendulum, based on the Gough-Joule effect. Later in his career, he studied carbon black's reinforcing effect on rubber, and proposed that the effect arises due to forces acting at the interface between the carbon black and the surrounding elastomer matrix. He was a pioneer in developing the furnace method for producing carbon black. Wiegand was the 1923 ACS Rubber Division chair. He received the Colwyn medal in 1956 and the Charles Goodyear Medal in 1960.
Samuel Dwight Gehman was a Goodyear physicist noted for development of a modulus-based measurement of rubber's glass transition temperature.
Arthur Edgar Juve (1901–1965) was a B. F. Goodrich Director of Technology who developed oil-resistant rubber compositions, lab tests for tire treads, and improvements in manufacture of rubber products and the processing of synthetic rubber.
Sudhin Datta is an ExxonMobil Chemical scientist noted for the development of Vistamaxx propylene-based elastomers.
Jean Marie Massoubre was a Michelin engineer associated with the early development of the radial tire. He was later in his career on the board of directors of Michelin.
References
- ↑ Murphy, E.A. (1966). "Some Early Adventures with Latex. Charles Goodyear Medal Address". Rubber Chemistry and Technology. 39 (3): G73 –G84. doi:10.5254/1.3544877 . Retrieved 18 August 2017.
- ↑ "Manufacture of rubber goods". Google Patents. Dunlop Rubber Co. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ↑ "Edward Arthur Murphy, Dunlop". Google Patents. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ↑ "Colwyn Medal award winners". iom3. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
- ↑ "Interview with Edward A. Murphy". summitmemory.org. Akron-Summit County Public Library. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
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