The MIM-104 Patriot is a surface-to-air missile (SAM) system,the primary of its kind used by the United States Army and several allied nations. It is manufactured by the U.S. defence contractor Raytheon and derives its name from the radar component of the weapon system. The AN/MPQ-53 at the heart of the system is known as the "Phased Array Tracking Radar to Intercept on Target" which is a backronym for PATRIOT. The Patriot System replaced the Nike Hercules system as the U.S. Army's primary High to Medium Air Defense (HIMAD) system and replaced the MIM-23 Hawk system as the U.S. Army's medium tactical air defence system. In addition to these roles,Patriot has been given the function of the U.S. Army's anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system,which is now Patriot's primary mission. The system is expected to stay fielded until at least 2040.
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is the battlespace response to aerial warfare,defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action". It includes surface based,subsurface,and air-based weapon systems,associated sensor systems,command and control arrangements,and passive measures. It may be used to protect naval,ground,and air forces in any location. However,for most countries the main effort has tended to be homeland defence. NATO refers to airborne air defence counter-air and naval air defence as anti-aircraft warfare. Missile defence is an extension of air defence,as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight.
The Swiss Air Force is the air component of the Swiss Armed Forces,established on 31 July 1914 as part of the army and in October 1936 as an independent service.
Latvian Air Force is the aviation branch of the National Armed Forces. The first Air Force (AF) units were established 1992. It has no air combat capability,thus the defense of Latvian air space is maintained by NATO,with rotating detachments of four aircraft to Lithuania at four-monthly intervals.
The Israeli Navy is the naval warfare service arm of the Israel Defense Forces,operating primarily in the Mediterranean Sea theater as well as the Gulf of Eilat and the Red Sea theater. The current commander in chief of the Israeli Navy is Aluf David Salama. The Israeli Navy is believed to be responsible for maintaining Israel's offshore nuclear second strike capability.
The Republic of Korea Air Force,also known as the ROK Air Force or South Korean Air Force,is the aerial warfare service branch of South Korea,operating under the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Korea.
The Egyptian Air Defense Forces or EADF,is the Anti-aircraft warfare branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces. It is responsible for protecting the Egyptian airspace against any hostile air attacks. The EADF was established in accordance with the presidential decree issued on 1 February 1968,which provided for the establishment of the Air Defense Forces as the fourth branch,next to the Navy,Egyptian Ground Forces,and Egyptian Air Force,formerly part of the artillery and under the operation command of the Air Force. Egypt has a modern system of air defense armament,characterized by diverse sources between east and west,which is divided between anti-aircraft missiles long,medium and short-range anti-aircraft artillery systems and early warning radars.
The 16th Regiment,Royal Australian Artillery is the Australian Army's only ground-based air defence (GBAD) unit. It also provides sense,warn and locate,ground liaison,and joint terminal attack control capabilities. Part of the Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery (RAA),the regiment is responsible for protecting a wide range of military assets during wartime,ranging from Army units in the field to providing point defence to the Royal Australian Navy's support ships and air defence to Royal Australian Air Force air bases. Prior to being equipped with the currently in-service RBS-70 surface-to-air missile system,the regiment was equipped with the Rapier systems for 25 years. The regiment is based at Woodside,South Australia,but frequently deploys with other Australian and allied units on operations and defence exercises. It is part of the 6th Brigade.
The AN/TPS-43 is a transportable air search 3D radar produced in the United States originally by Westinghouse Defense and Electronic Division,which was later purchased by Northrop-Grumman. It is used primarily for early warning and tactical control,often for control over an associated surface-to-air missile battery or airfield. It is designed to be transported in two M35 cargo trucks and easily air-transportable on two pallets.
The Russian Space Forces are a branch of the Russian Aerospace Forces,that provides aerospace warning,air and space sovereignty,and other related protection for Russia. Having been reestablished following August 1,2015 merger between the Russian Air Force and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces after the independent arm of service was dissolved in 2011. The Russian Space Forces were originally formed on August 10,1992,and the creation of the Russian Armed Forces. The organization shared control of the Baikonur Cosmodrome with the Russian Federal Space Agency. It also operated the Plesetsk and the Svobodny Cosmodromes. However the Russian Space Forces were dissolved in July 1997 and incorporated into the Strategic Missile Forces.
The Czechoslovak Air Force or the Czechoslovak Army Air Force was the air force branch of the Czechoslovak Army formed in October 1918. The armed forces of Czechoslovakia ceased to exist on 31 December 1992. By the end of the year,all aircraft of the Czechoslovak Air Force were divided between the Czech Air Force and the Slovak Air Force.
The Saudi Arabian Air Defense Forces or officially Royal Saudi Air Defense Forces (RSADF) is the aerial defense service branch of the Saudi Arabian Armed Forces. It is fourth of the five service branches of the MOD. It has its HQ in Riyadh,where there is also an elaborate underground command facility that co-ordinates Arabian Kingdom's advanced "Peace Shield" radar and air defense system,with an estimated 40,000 active duty military personnel in 2015. Along with the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF),it has responsibility for securing the skies of Saudi Arabia.
Highlands Air Force Station was a military installation in Middletown Township near the borough of Highlands,New Jersey. The station provided ground-controlled interception radar coverage as part of the Lashup Radar Network and the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment network,as well as providing radar coverage for the Highlands Army Air Defense Site. The site's 240 acres (97 ha) is now the Rocky Point section in Hartshorne Woods Park of the Monmouth County Parks System.
The AN/TPS-1 Radar was an early warning and tactical control radar developed by Bell Labs and the MIT Radiation Laboratory during World War II. Initially used by the US Army,it was later used by the United States Air Force Air Defense Command,and a number of European armed forces. A number of variations were produced by several vendors,including Western Electric,Westinghouse Electric,Bendix Corporation and several European manufacturers in the post-war era. In Royal Air Force service it was known as AMES Type 61.
Canadian Forces Station Sioux Lookout is a closed General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 3.7 miles (6.0 km) west of Sioux Lookout,Ontario. It was closed in 1987.
Canadian Forces Station Beaverlodge is a closed General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 4.9 miles (7.9 km) east-northeast of Beaverlodge,Alberta. It was closed in 1988.
Canadian Forces Station Beausejour is a closed General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 45.1 miles (72.6 km) east-northeast of Winnipeg,Manitoba. It was closed in 1986.
The Aerospace Defence Forces (VVKO) was a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation responsible for aerospace defence,and the operation of Russian military satellites and the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. It was established on 1 December 2011 and replaced the Russian Space Forces. The Aerospace Defence Forces was first commanded by former Space Forces commander Colonel General Oleg Ostapenko,who was promoted to Deputy Minister of Defence in November 2012. On 24 December 2012,Aleksandr Golovko was appointed the new commander. Although it is officially translated as aerospace in English,it covers both attacks from the air and from (outer) space,and some Russian writers translate it as "air and space" instead.
Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force was a NATO military formation under Allied Air Forces Central Europe tasked with providing air support to NATO's Central Army Group (CENTAG). 4 ATAF commanded all flying units based within its sector and all reinforcements flying into its sector,as well as ground-based radar systems and stations,air defense units and the airfields in its sector.
ACV-30 is the designation of an armored combat vehicle developed by the Turkish defense company FNSS Savunma Sistemleri A.Ş.
Egypt 
Air Defense Forces 
Lieutenant General