Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was a Colombian drug lord, narcoterrorist, and politician, who was the founder and sole leader of the Medellín Cartel. Dubbed "the king of cocaine", Escobar was one of the wealthiest criminals in history, having amassed an estimated net worth of US$30 billion by the time of his death—equivalent to $70 billion as of 2022—while his drug cartel monopolized the cocaine trade into the United States in the 1980s and early 1990s.
The Medellín Cartel was a powerful and highly organized Colombian drug cartel and terrorist organization originating in the city of Medellín, Colombia, that was founded and led by Pablo Escobar. It is often considered to be the first major "drug cartel" and was referred to as such; due to the organization's upper echelons and overall power-structure being built on a partnership between multiple Colombian traffickers operating alongside Escobar. Included were Jorge Luis Ochoa Vásquez, Fabio Ochoa Vásquez, Juan David Ochoa Vásquez, José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha and Carlos Lehder. Escobar's main partner in the organization however was his cousin Gustavo Gaviria who handled much of the cartel's shipping arrangements and the more general and detailed logistical aspects of the cocaine trafficking routes and international smuggling networks which were supplying at least 80% of the world's cocaine during its peak. Gustavo, also known as León seems to have also had a strong hand in the cartel's unprecedented acts of narcoterrorism, right alongside his cousin Pablo and was considered to be second in command of the cartel and therefore one of Colombia's most wanted men, with both him and Escobar having arrest warrants pending from other nations where their criminal activity had spread to, such as in Spain and the U.S. Meanwhile, Pablo Escobar's brother Roberto Escobar acted as the organization's accountant. The cartel operated from 1976 to 1993 in Colombia (Antioquia), Bolivia, Panama, Central America, Peru, the Bahamas, the United States, as well as in Canada.
Avianca Flight 203 was a Colombian domestic passenger flight from El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá to Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport in Cali, Colombia. It was destroyed by a bomb over the municipality of Soacha on November 27, 1989. All 107 people on board as well as three people on the ground were killed. The bombing had been ordered by the Medellín drug cartel.
Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento was a Colombian liberal politician and journalist who ran for the Presidency of Colombia on two occasions, the first time for the political movement New Liberalism that he founded in 1979. The movement was an offspring of the mainstream Colombian Liberal Party, and with mediation of former Liberal president Julio César Turbay Ayala, Galán returned to the Liberal party in 1989 and sought the nomination for the 1990 presidential election, but was assassinated before the vote took place.
The Juárez Cartel, also known as the Vicente Carrillo Fuentes Organization, is a Mexican drug cartel based in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, across the Mexico—U.S. border from El Paso, Texas. The cartel is one of several drug trafficking organizations that have been known to decapitate their rivals, mutilate their corpses and dump them in public places to instill fear not only in the general public but also in local law enforcement and their rivals, the Sinaloa Cartel. Its current known leader is Juan Pablo Ledezma. The Juárez Cartel has an armed wing known as La Línea, a Juárez street gang that usually performs the executions and is now the cartel’s most powerful and leading faction. It also uses the Barrio Azteca gang to attack its enemies.
The proxy bomb, also known as a human bomb, is a tactic that was used mainly by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) in Northern Ireland during the conflict known as "the Troubles". It involved forcing people to drive car bombs to British military targets after placing them or their families under some kind of threat The tactic was later adopted by the FARC in Colombia and by rebels in the Syrian Civil War.
José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha, also known by the nicknames Don Sombrero and El Mexicano, was a Colombian drug lord who was one of the leaders of the Medellín Cartel along with the Ochoa brothers and Pablo Escobar. At the height of his criminal career, Rodríguez was acknowledged as one of the world's most successful drug dealers. In 1988, Forbes magazine included him in their annual list of the world's billionaires.
El cuerpo del deseo, is a Spanish-language telenovela produced by Telemundo and filmed in Florida. This limited-run series is about a man who comes back from the dead and discovers dark secrets about his beautiful widow. The first version of El cuerpo del deseo was En cuerpo ajeno, produced by RTI Colombia in 1992. In India, the show was broadcast on Firangi in Hindi as Second Chance. In Pakistan, the show was broadcast on Urdu 1 with Urdu dub as Isabel – Meri Akhri Mohabbat. In the Philippines, the show was broadcast on ABS-CBN in Filipino as El Cuerpo from March 24 to November 14, 2008.
El Internado, also known as El Internado: Laguna Negra is a Spanish teen drama thriller television series produced by Globomedia for the Spanish network Antena 3. The series was originally broadcast in Spain from 24 May 2007 to 13 October 2010. The series began airing on Netflix on 15 July 2015, and it stopped airing on 20 December 2017. Then, the series was reaired on 16 October 2018.
Il Capo dei Capi is an Italian biographical crime drama miniseries which debuted on Canale 5 between October and November 2007. It tells the story of Salvatore Riina, alias Totò u Curtu, a mafioso boss from Corleone, Sicily. Riina is played by Palermo-born actor, Claudio Gioè, and the series was directed by Alexis Sweet and Enzo Monteleone. The series is inspired from the eponymous book-inquiry of Giuseppe D'Avanzo and Attilio Bolzoni. It was broadcast in the UK in the spring of 2013 on the Sky Arts channel, retitled Corleone and split into 12 one-hour episodes.
Evaristo Porras Ardila was one of the top Colombian cocaine traffickers and regarded as one of the leaders of the Medellín Cartel. He had strong influence in Leticia, the capital of the Amazonas region of Colombia. Porras is suspected to have been the head of the Leticia-Tabatinga cartel organized crime syndicate.
Botineras was an Argentine telenovela produced by Underground Contenidos and Telefe Contenidos in association with Endemol. It began airing on November 24, 2009, Tuesday through Friday at 11 p.m. (UTC-3), on Telefe. While CQC was on television the series did not air during the summer, it was broadcast Monday through Thursday at that time. As of March 1, 2010, it began broadcasting at 10:30 pm (UTC-3), Monday through Thursday. With the return of CQC on Mondays, it happened again from Tuesday to Friday. From the month of July until its completion, it was broadcast from Tuesday to Thursday. It starred Nicolás Cabré and Romina Gaetani, with the antagonistic participation of Damián de Santo, Isabel Macedo and Gonzalo Valenzuela. With the special participation of Florencia Peña and the star performances of the first actors, Roberto Carnaghi and Graciela Pal.
Graduados is a 2012 Argentine telenovela that was broadcast by Telefe from March 12 to December 19. The plot concerns a group of people who graduated from high school in 1989 and reunite twenty years later. The main character, Andrés Goddzer, discovers that María Laura Falsini was pregnant in 1989 and married Pablo Catáneo, who thought that he was the child's father. The resulting parental dispute, the love triangle of the main characters and 1980s nostalgia are frequent plot elements, and story arcs related to school bullying and LGBT rights are also featured. The frequent flashbacks of the characters to their high-school days use the same actors, playing teenagers.
La viuda negra is a 2014 Spanish-language telenovela produced by RTI Producciones and Televisa for United States-based television network Univisión and for Colombia-based television network Caracol Television. It is an adaptation of the book La patrona de Pablo Escobar of José Guarnizo based on history from Griselda Blanco.
Farsantes is a 2013 Argentine legal drama. The main actors are Julio Chávez, Facundo Arana, Griselda Siciliani, Benjamín Vicuña and Alfredo Casero.
Bajo el mismo cielo, is an American telenovela created by Perla Farías for Telemundo. The telenovela is an adaptation of the 2011 American drama film A Better Life directed by Chris Weitz by the screenplay Eric Eason.
Retribution is a 2015 Spanish-French action thriller film directed by Dani de la Torre, and starring Luis Tosar, Javier Gutiérrez, Elvira Mínguez and Goya Toledo. It was screened in the Venice Days section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival.
Heart's Decree, is a Colombian telenovela created by Mónica Agudelo Tenorio and adapted for television by Felipe Agudelo. It is dedicated to the memory of Agudelo after her death in 2012. It started airing on Colombian broadcast channel RCN Televisión on November 28, 2016. The series is available in 4K Ultra-high-definition television.
John Jairo Arias Tascón, known as Pinina, was a member of the Medellín Cartel. He took power in the cartel's military wing and was accused of hundreds of murders. He was considered to be ranked fifth within the cartel structure. He was a hit man, the boss of hit men and leader of a criminal group at the disposal of the Cartel, known as Los Priscos.
Duke of Atrisco is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1708 by Philip V to José Sarmiento de Valladares, for his services as viceroy of New Spain.
