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San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino and also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino, is a European microstate surrounded by Italy. Located on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains, it is the fifth-smallest country in the world, with a land area of just over 61 km2 and a population of 33,642, as of 2023.
The Republic of San Marino's public transport network consists of a local bus network and the Funivia di San Marino, an aerial cablecar system between Borgo Maggiore and the City of San Marino. Both means are operated by the Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici, the Sammarinese state company for public transport.
San Marino is an independent and sovereign member of the international community. It maintains an extensive diplomatic network relative to its diminutive size, as well as an active foreign policy and international presence.
The flag of San Marino is formed by two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield with a closed crown on top, flanked by an oak and laurel wreath, with a scroll below bearing the word LIBERTAS (Freedom). The two colors of the flag represent peace (white) and liberty.
The postal history of San Marino can be traced to October 7, 1607, with the introduction of public postal services. The republic's postal needs were handled by a post office in nearby Rimini, Italy; the first San Marino post office opened in 1833.
San Marino has recognized civil unions for both same-sex and opposite-sex couples since 5 December 2018. The law to permit civil unions became fully operational on 11 February 2019, following a number of further legal and administrative changes.
Antonella Mularoni is a Sammarinese jurist and politician who served as Captain Regent of San Marino from April 2013 to October 2013, alongside Denis Amici. Mularoni was the Secretary for Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2012 and also served as the Sammarinese judge for the European Court of Human Rights between 2001 and 2008.
Andrea Zafferani is a Sammarinese politician, who was a Captain Regent of San Marino together with Giovanni Francesco Ugolini for the semester from 1 October 2010 to 1 April 2011.
San Marino is not a member of the European Union or European Economic Area. However, it maintains an open border with Italy. Since San Marino is only accessible via Italy entrance is not possible without entering the Schengen Area first, therefore Schengen visa rules apply de facto. Foreign visitors staying more than thirty days in San Marino must obtain a permit from the government.
Abortion in San Marino is legal in the first 12 weeks of gestation for any reason. It is also legal until fetal viability if the pregnancy poses a risk to the woman's life, if the fetus has an anomaly that poses a risk to the woman's health, or if the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest. In case of risk to the woman's life after fetal viability, the pregnancy may also be interrupted by attempting a live birth.
General elections were held in San Marino on 20 November 2016 and 4 December 2016. The San Marino First alliance received a plurality of the popular vote, but fell short of a majority in the Grand and General Council, initially being allocated 25 seats. As no single bloc had won a majority of seats, a runoff was held on 4 December 2016 between the top two coalitions, San Marino First and Adesso.sm, to determine the winner of the majority prize. The second round saw Adesso.sm win with 58% of the vote, resulting in seats being reallocated and the winning alliance receiving 35 seats.
The 2014 San Marino local elections were held on 30 November to elect the mayors and the councils of the 9 municipalities of San Marino. Overall turnout was 44.9%.
The 2009 San Marino local elections were held on 7 June to elect the mayors and the councils of the nine municipalities of San Marino. Overall turnout was 55.1%. The election in the City of San Marino was declared invalid, as it didn't reach the turnout quorum. Therefore, a second election was held on 29 November.
The 2004 San Marino local elections were held on 18 April to elect the mayor and the council of the municipalities of Borgo Maggiore, in San Marino, as the 2003 Sammarinese local elections was declared invalid, as the turnout quorum was not reached. Turnout in this election was 61.5%.
The 2003 San Marino local elections were held on 30 November to elect the mayors and the councils of the nine municipalities of San Marino. Overall turnout was 55.4%. The election in Borgo Maggiore was declared invalid, as the turnout quorum was not reached. Therefore, a second election was held on 18 April 2004.
The 1999 San Marino local elections were held on 13 June to elect the mayors and the councils of Chiesanuova, the City of San Marino and Domagnano, in San Marino. Overall turnout was 66.1%.
The 1998 San Marino local elections were held on 13 December to elect the mayors and the councils of Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Faetano, Fiorentino and Serravalle in San Marino. Overall turnout was 64.0%.
The 1997 San Marino local elections were held on 14 December to elect the mayor and the council of Montegiardino in San Marino. Turnout was 81.8%.
A referendum on the legality of abortion was held in San Marino on 26 September 2021. The result was an overwhelming vote in favour of legalisation.
Adele Tonnini is a Sammarinese politician who had served alongside Alessandro Scarano as the Captains Regent of San Marino from April 2023 to October 2023. She is a member of RETE Movement.
References
- ↑ "Il Segretario di Stato - Segreteria di Stato per gli Affari Interni". www.interni.segreteria.sm (in Italian). San Marino State Secretariat. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ↑ Piretti, Marcella (8 November 2016). "Intervista ad Elena Tonnini". Dire.it (in Italian). Retrieved 18 June 2021.
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