Elizabeth Anne Bukusi

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Elizabeth Anne Bukusi FAAS is a research professor working within the field of obstetrics and gynaecology, and global health. [1] [2] Bukusi's main areas of research focus around sexually transmitted infections, women's health, reproductive health, and HIV care, prevention and treatment. [1] [3] Bukusi is the Chief Research Officer at the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) and led a "landmark" study on the use of PrEP in Kenya. [4] [5]

Contents

Education

Bukusi gained her general medical degree, followed by her Masters in obstetrics and gynaecology from the University of Nairobi. [1] She then went on to earn a certificate in international health, Masters in public health (MPH) and a PhD from the University of Washington's Department of Epidemiology. [1] Subsequent qualifications include a post-graduate diploma in Research ethics from the University of Cape Town, then a Masters in Bioethics from the Sind Institute of Urology and Transplantation. [1]

Research

Bukusi's Masters in Public Health, completed in 2000, studied the male factor in bacterial vaginosis in Kenya, and her PhD then continued this path of research with her thesis titled: 'Bacterial Vaginosis: A Randomized Trial to Reduce Recurrence'. In 2006 Bukusi was awarded her PhD, and published a paper in the journal Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 'Bacterial vaginosis: risk factors among Kenyan women and their male partners'. [6]

In 2010 Bukusi published 'Genital hygiene practices of fishermen targeted for a topical microbicide intervention against sexually transmitted infections in Kisumu, Kenya', within the International Journal of STD and AIDS. [7]

Bukusi's academic roles include chief research officer at KEMRI; [3] chair of the Bioethics Society of Kenya; [8] research professor at the University of Washington; [1] honorary lecturer at Aga Khan University; [9] and volunteer clinical faculty professor at the University of California San Francisco. [1] Other outstanding studies she has participated in include; Association between Mycoplasma genitalium and acute endometritis. [10] Bacterial vaginosis associated with increased risk of Female-to-Male HIV-1 transmission: A prospective cohort analysis among African couples. [11] HIV/AIDS stigma and refusal of HIV testing among pregnant women in rural Kenya: Results from the MAMAS study. This study found that anticipations of HIV/AIDS stigma can be barriers to acceptance of HIV testing by pregnant women. [12] HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for adolescent girls and young women in Africa: from efficacy trials to delivery. This article concluded that PrEP is feasible to implement in integrated reproductive health service delivery models to reach African AGYW. [13] Retention in care and patient-reported reasons for undocumented transfer or stopping care among HIV-infected patients on Antiretroviral therapy in Eastern Africa: application of a sampling-based approach. [14] Efficacy of isoniazid prophylactic therapy in prevention of tuberculosis in children: a meta–analysis. [15] Efficacy of single-dose human Papillomavirus vaccination among young African women. [16] Texting improves testing: a randomized trial of two-way SMS to increase postpartum prevention of mother-to-child transmission retention and infant HIV testing. This study established that text messaging significantly improved maternal postpartum visit attendance, but overall return rates for these visits remained low. [17] Efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention among high risk heterosexuals: subgroup analyses from the Partners PrEP Study. The study concluded that among higher-risk subgroups in the Partners PrEP Study, including groups solely of higher-risk women, both TDF alone and combined FTC/TDF PrEP had consistently high efficacy for HIV-1 protection. [18] Family model of HIV care and treatment: a retrospective study in Kenya. [19] Rethinking HIV prevention to prepare for oral PrEP implementation for young African women. [20] Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. [21] HIV incidence among women using intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, a copper intrauterine device, or a levonorgestrel implant for contraception: a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial. This study did not find a substantial difference in HIV risk among the methods evaluated, and all methods were safe and highly effective. [22] Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective. [23] and Integrated delivery of antiretroviral treatment and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis to HIV-1–Serodiscordant couples: A prospective implementation study in Kenya and Uganda. [24]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bacterial vaginosis</span> Excessive growth of bacteria in the vagina

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria. Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish. The discharge is usually white or gray in color. Burning with urination may occur. Itching is uncommon. Occasionally, there may be no symptoms. Having BV approximately doubles the risk of infection by a number of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. It also increases the risk of early delivery among pregnant women.

The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART decreases the patient's total burden of HIV, maintains function of the immune system, and prevents opportunistic infections that often lead to death. HAART also prevents the transmission of HIV between serodiscordant same-sex and opposite-sex partners so long as the HIV-positive partner maintains an undetectable viral load.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) refers to all men who engage in sexual activity with other men, regardless of their sexual orientation or sexual identity. The term was created by epidemiologists in the 1990s, to better study and communicate the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS between all sexually active males, not strictly those identifying as gay, bisexual, pansexual or various other sexualities, but also for example male prostitutes. The term is often used in medical literature and social research to describe such men as a group. It does not describe any specific kind of sexual activity, and which activities are covered by the term depends on context. An alternative term, males who have sex with males is sometimes considered more accurate in cases where those described may not be legal adults.

Post-exposure prophylaxis, also known as post-exposure prevention (PEP), is any preventive medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen in order to prevent the infection from occurring.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nevirapine</span> Chemical compound

Nevirapine (NVP), sold under the brand name Viramune among others, is a medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS, specifically HIV-1. It is generally recommended for use with other antiretroviral medications. It may be used to prevent mother to child spread during birth but is not recommended following other exposures. It is taken by mouth.

Male circumcision reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from HIV positive women to men in high risk populations.

HIV/AIDS has been a public health concern for Latin America due to a remaining prevalence of the disease. In 2018 an estimated 2.2 million people had HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean, making the HIV prevalence rate approximately 0.4% in Latin America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HIV/AIDS</span> Spectrum of conditions caused by HIV infection

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system. It can be managed with treatment. Without treatment it can lead to a spectrum of conditions including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention</span> HIV prevention strategy using preventative medication for HIV-negative individuals

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention, commonly known as PrEP, is a form of medication used to prevent HIV infection, the cause of HIV/AIDS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HIV Prevention Trials Network</span>

The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) is a worldwide collaborative clinical trials network that brings together investigators, ethicists, community and other partners to develop and test the safety and efficacy of interventions designed to prevent the acquisition and transmission of HIV. HPTN studies evaluate new HIV prevention interventions and strategies in populations and geographical regions that bear a disproportionate burden of infection. The HPTN is committed to the highest ethical standards for its clinical trials and recognizes the importance of community engagement in all phases of the research process.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CONRAD (organization)</span> Nonprofit organization in Arlington, United States

CONRAD is a non-profit scientific research organization that works to improve global and reproductive health, particularly in women in developing countries. CONRAD was established in 1986 under a cooperative agreement between Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). CONRAD’s products are developed primarily for women in low-resource settings, in that they are designed to be safe, affordable and user-friendly. CONRAD is led by Scientific and Executive Director Gustavo F. Doncel, M.D., Ph.D. Primary funding for CONRAD comes from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), with additional funding from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

HIV prevention refers to practices that aim to prevent the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV prevention practices may be undertaken by individuals to protect their own health and the health of those in their community, or may be instituted by governments and community-based organizations as public health policies.

A rectal microbicide is a microbicide for rectal use. Most commonly such a product would be a topical gel inserted into the anus so that it make act as protection against the contract of a sexually transmitted infection during anal sex.

A vaginal microbicide is a microbicide for vaginal use, generally as protection against the contraction of a sexually transmitted infection during vaginal sexual intercourse. Vaginal microbicides are topical gels or creams inserted into the vagina.

Education is recognized as a social determinant of health. Education has also been identified as a social vaccine against contracting HIV. Research suggests a negative linear relationship between educational attainment and HIV infection rate, especially the educational attainment of women and girls.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elioda Tumwesigye</span> Ugandan politician

Elioda Tumwesigye is a Ugandan politician, physician, and epidemiologist who has served as minister of science, technology and innovation in the cabinet of Uganda since June 2016. From March 2015 until June 2016, he served as the minister of health.

Treatment as prevention (TasP) is a concept in public health that promotes treatment as a way to prevent and reduce the likelihood of HIV illness, death and transmission from an infected individual to others. Expanding access to earlier HIV diagnosis and treatment as a means to address the global epidemic by preventing illness, death and transmission was first proposed in 2000 by Garnett et al. The term is often used to talk about treating people that are currently living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) to prevent illness, death and transmission. Although some experts narrow this to only include preventing infections, treatment prevents illnesses such as tuberculosis and has been shown to prevent death. In relation to HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a three or more drug combination therapy that is used to decrease the viral load, or the measured amount of virus, in an infected individual. Such medications are used as a preventative for infected individuals to not only spread the HIV virus to their negative partners but also improve their current health to increase their lifespans. When taken correctly, ART is able to diminish the presence of the HIV virus in the bodily fluids of an infected person to a level of undetectability. Consistent adherence to an ARV regimen, monitoring, and testing are essential for continued confirmed viral suppression. Treatment as prevention rose to great prominence in 2011, as part of the HPTN 052 study, which shed light on the benefits of early treatment for HIV positive individuals.

Lisa M. Frenkel is an American pediatrician currently Professor at University of Washington and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dapivirine Ring</span> Antiretroviral vaginal ring

Dapivirine (DPV) Ring is an antiretroviral vaginal ring pioneered by the International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM) pending for regulatory review. It is designed as a long-acting form of HIV prevention for at-risk women, particularly in developing nations such as sub-Saharan Africa. IPM has rights to both the medication and the medical device. A total of four rings with different drug diffusion systems and polymer composition have been developed by IPM. The latest design, Ring-004, is a silicone polymer matrix-type system capable of delivering DPV intravaginally in a sustained manner.

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Jeanne Marisa Marrazzo is an American physician-scientist and infectious diseases specialist. She was the director of the University of Alabama School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and focused on prevention of HIV infection using biomedical interventions. Marrazzo is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and Infectious Disease Society of America. On August 2, 2023 Lawrence A. Tabak, acting director for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), named Jeanne M. Marrazzo as director of NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Elizabeth Bukusi | University of Washington - Department of Global Health". globalhealth.washington.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-02.
  2. ↑ "Professor Elizabeth Anne Bukusi — Ethox Centre". www.ethox.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2019-10-02.
  3. 1 2 "Elizabeth Bukusi, MBChB, MMed, MPH, PhD". Kenya Research and Training Center. Archived from the original on 2017-11-11. Retrieved 2019-10-02.
  4. ↑ "The unsung hero: Why Elizabeth Bukusi deserves accolades". The Star. Retrieved 2019-10-02.
  5. ↑ "Study proves 7,000 AIDS deaths can be prevented annually in Kenya". The Star. Retrieved 2019-10-02.
  6. ↑ Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Cohen, Craig R.; Meier, Amalia S.; Waiyaki, Peter G.; Nguti, Rosemary; Njeri, Jane N.; Holmes, King K. (June 2006). "Bacterial Vaginosis: Risk Factors Among Kenyan Women and Their Male Partners". Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 33 (6): 361–367. doi: 10.1097/01.olq.0000200551.07573.df . ISSN   0148-5717. PMID   16547451. S2CID   74319392.
  7. ↑ Kwena, Z A; Bukusi, E A; Gorbach, P; Sharma, A; Sang, N M; Holmes, K K (June 2010). "Genital hygiene practices of fishermen targeted for a topical microbicide intervention against sexually transmitted infections in Kisumu, Kenya". International Journal of STD & AIDS. 21 (6): 435–440. doi:10.1258/ijsa.2010.010103. ISSN   0956-4624. PMC   6456332 . PMID   20606226.
  8. ↑ "Kenyan researchers rise to meet the complex challenges of Bioethics". The Star. Retrieved 2019-10-02.
  9. ↑ "Bukusi Elizabeth Anne | The AAS". aasciences.ac.ke. Retrieved 2019-10-02.[ permanent dead link ]
  10. ↑ Cohen, Craig R; Manhart, Lisa E; Bukusi, Elizabeth A; Astete, Sabina; Brunham, Robert C; Holmes, King K; Sinei, Samuel K; Bwayo, Job J; Totten, Patricia A (2002-03-02). "Association between Mycoplasma genitalium and acute endometritis". The Lancet. 359 (9308): 765–766. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07848-0. ISSN   0140-6736. PMID   11888591. S2CID   36191700.
  11. ↑ Cohen, Craig R.; Lingappa, Jairam R.; Baeten, Jared M.; Ngayo, Musa O.; Spiegel, Carol A.; Hong, Ting; Donnell, Deborah; Celum, Connie; Kapiga, Saidi; Delany, Sinead; Bukusi, Elizabeth A. (2012-06-26). "Bacterial Vaginosis Associated with Increased Risk of Female-to-Male HIV-1 Transmission: A Prospective Cohort Analysis among African Couples". PLOS Medicine. 9 (6): e1001251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001251 . ISSN   1549-1676. PMC   3383741 . PMID   22745608.
  12. ↑ Turan, Janet M.; Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Onono, Maricianah; Holzemer, William L.; Miller, Suellen; Cohen, Craig R. (2011-08-01). "HIV/AIDS Stigma and Refusal of HIV Testing Among Pregnant Women in Rural Kenya: Results from the MAMAS Study". AIDS and Behavior. 15 (6): 1111–1120. doi:10.1007/s10461-010-9798-5. ISSN   1573-3254. PMC   3127002 . PMID   20827573.
  13. ↑ Celum, Connie L; Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead; Baeten, Jared M; Straten, Ariane; Hosek, Sybil; Bukusi, Elizabeth A; McConnell, Margaret; Barnabas, Ruanne V; Bekker, Linda-Gail (2019). "HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for adolescent girls and young women in Africa: from efficacy trials to delivery". Journal of the International AIDS Society. 22 (S4): e25298. doi:10.1002/jia2.25298. ISSN   1758-2652. PMC   6643076 . PMID   31328444. S2CID   198133013.
  14. ↑ Geng, Elvin H. (2015). "Retention in Care and Patient-Reported Reasons for Undocumented Transfer or Stopping Care Among HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Eastern Africa: Application of a Sampling-Based Approach". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 62 (7): 935–944. doi:10.1093/cid/civ1004. PMC   4787603 . PMID   26679625.
  15. ↑ Ayieko, James; Abuogi, Lisa; Simchowitz, Brett; Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Smith, Allan H.; Reingold, Arthur (2014-02-20). "Efficacy of isoniazid prophylactic therapy in prevention of tuberculosis in children: a meta–analysis". BMC Infectious Diseases. 14 (1): 91. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-91 . ISSN   1471-2334. PMC   3936889 . PMID   24555539.
  16. ↑ Barnabas, Ruanne V.; Brown, Elizabeth R.; Onono, Maricianah A.; Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Njoroge, Betty; Winer, Rachel L.; Galloway, Denise A.; Pinder, Leeya F.; Donnell, Deborah; Wakhungu, Imelda; Congo, Ouma; Biwott, Charlene; Kimanthi, Syovata; Oluoch, Lynda; Heller, Kate B. (2022-04-26). "Efficacy of Single-Dose Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Young African Women". NEJM Evidence. 1 (5): EVIDoa2100056. doi:10.1056/EVIDoa2100056. ISSN   2766-5526. PMC   9172784 . PMID   35693874.
  17. ↑ Odeny, Thomas A.; Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Cohen, Craig R.; Yuhas, Krista; Camlin, Carol S.; McClelland, R. Scott (2014-09-24). "Texting improves testing: a randomized trial of two-way SMS to increase postpartum prevention of mother-to-child transmission retention and infant HIV testing". AIDS. 28 (15): 2307–2312. doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000000409. ISSN   0269-9370. PMC   4834137 . PMID   25313586.
  18. ↑ Murnane, Pamela M.; Celum, Connie; Mugo, Nelly; Campbell, James D.; Donnell, Deborah; Bukusi, Elizabeth; Mujugira, Andrew; Tappero, Jordan; Kahle, Erin M.; Thomas, Katherine K.; Baeten, Jared M. (2013-08-24). "Efficacy of preexposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention among high-risk heterosexuals: subgroup analyses from a randomized trial". AIDS. 27 (13): 2155–2160. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283629037. ISSN   0269-9370. PMC   3882910 . PMID   24384592.
  19. ↑ Lewis Kulzer, Jayne; Penner, Jeremy A; Marima, Reson; Oyaro, Patrick; Oyanga, Arbogast O; Shade, Starley B; Blat, Cinthia C; Nyabiage, Lennah; Mwachari, Christina W; Muttai, Hellen C; Bukusi, Elizabeth A; Cohen, Craig R (2012). "Family model of HIV care and treatment: a retrospective study in Kenya". Journal of the International AIDS Society. 15 (1): 8. doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-15-8 . ISSN   1758-2652. PMC   3298805 . PMID   22353553.
  20. ↑ Celum, Connie L; Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead; McConnell, Margaret; van Rooyen, Heidi; Bekker, Linda-Gail; Kurth, Ann; Bukusi, Elizabeth; Desmond, Chris; Morton, Jennifer; Baeten, Jared M (2015). "Rethinking HIV prevention to prepare for oral PrEP implementation for young African women". Journal of the International AIDS Society. 18 (4 Suppl 3): 20227. doi:10.7448/IAS.18.4.20227. PMC   4509892 . PMID   26198350.
  21. ↑ Baeten, Jared M.; Donnell, Deborah; Ndase, Patrick; Mugo, Nelly R.; Campbell, James D.; Wangisi, Jonathan; Tappero, Jordan W.; Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Cohen, Craig R.; Katabira, Elly; Ronald, Allan; Tumwesigye, Elioda; Were, Edwin; Fife, Kenneth H.; Kiarie, James (2012-08-02). "Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Heterosexual Men and Women". New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (5): 399–410. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1108524. ISSN   0028-4793. PMC   3770474 . PMID   22784037.
  22. ↑ Ahmed, Khatija; Baeten, Jared M; Beksinska, Mags; Bekker, Linda-Gail; Bukusi, Elizabeth A; Donnell, Deborah; Gichangi, Peter B; Heller, Kate B; Hofmeyr, G Justus; Justman, Jessica; Kasaro, Margaret Phiri; Kiarie, James; Louw, Cheryl; Mastro, Timothy D; Morrison, Charles S (2019-07-27). "HIV incidence among women using intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, a copper intrauterine device, or a levonorgestrel implant for contraception: a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial". The Lancet. 394 (10195): 303–313. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31288-7. ISSN   0140-6736. PMC   6675739 . PMID   31204114. S2CID   186245753.
  23. ↑ Finocchario-Kessler, Sarah; Wexler, Catherine; Maloba, May; Mabachi, Natabhona; Ndikum-Moffor, Florence; Bukusi, Elizabeth (2016-06-04). "Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective". BMC Women's Health. 16 (1): 29. doi: 10.1186/s12905-016-0306-6 . ISSN   1472-6874. PMC   4893293 . PMID   27259656.
  24. ↑ Baeten, Jared M.; Heffron, Renee; Kidoguchi, Lara; Mugo, Nelly R.; Katabira, Elly; Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Asiimwe, Stephen; Haberer, Jessica E.; Morton, Jennifer; Ngure, Kenneth; Bulya, Nulu; Odoyo, Josephine; Tindimwebwa, Edna; Hendrix, Craig; Marzinke, Mark A. (2016-08-23). "Integrated Delivery of Antiretroviral Treatment and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis to HIV-1–Serodiscordant Couples: A Prospective Implementation Study in Kenya and Uganda". PLOS Medicine. 13 (8): e1002099. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002099 . ISSN   1549-1676. PMC   4995047 . PMID   27552090.
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