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Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
Sir Nevill Francis Mott was a British physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, especially amorphous semiconductors. The award was shared with Philip W. Anderson and J. H. Van Vleck. The three had conducted loosely related research. Mott and Anderson clarified the reasons why magnetic or amorphous materials can sometimes be metallic and sometimes insulating.
A collider is a type of particle accelerator that brings two opposing particle beams together such that the particles collide. Colliders may either be ring accelerators or linear accelerators.
Sir John Sealy Edward Townsend, FRS was an Irish-British mathematical physicist who conducted various studies concerning the electrical conduction of gases and directly measured the electrical charge. He was a Wykeham Professor of physics at Oxford University.
The Nochiya are an Assyrian tribe that were based in and around the district of Şemdinli, in the province of Hakkari, Turkey.
Haroon Ahmed FREng, is a British Pakistani scientist in specialising the fields of microelectronics and electrical engineering. He is Emeritus Professor of Microelectronics at the Cavendish Laboratory, the Physics Department of the University of Cambridge, Honorary Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
The polywell is a design for a fusion reactor based on two ideas: heating ions by concentrating (-) charge to accelerate the ions and trapping a diamagnetic plasma inside a cusp field.
William Allen Zajc is a U.S. physicist and the I.I. Rabi Professor of Physics at Columbia University in New York, USA, where he has worked since 1987.
Jonathan Harris Orloff is an American physicist, author and professor. Born in New York City, he is the eldest son of Monford Orloff and brother of pianist Carole Orloff and historian Chester Orloff. Orloff is known for his major fields of research in charged particle optics, applications of field emission processes, high-brightness electron and ion sources, focused ion and electron beams and their applications for micromachining, surface analysis and microscopy and instrumentation development for semiconductor device manufacturing.
Prof. Shri Krishna Joshi was an Indian physicist. He was born on 6 June 1935 in the village of Anarpa in Kumaun, Uttarakhand, India.
Earl W. (Wadsworth) McDaniel was a Regents Professor of Physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Georgia Tech Research Institute and is most noted for his contributions to the field of ion mobility spectrometry.
Kennedy J. Reed is an American theoretical atomic physicist in the Theory Group in the Physics & Advanced Technologies Directorate at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and a founder of the National Physical Science Consortium (NPSC), a group of about 30 universities that provides physics fellowships for women and minorities.
Prof. RNDr. Jiří Horáček, DrSc. is a Czech theoretical physicist, professor at Charles University in Prague, where he works at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, which is a part of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics. He was the director of the Institute in 2003–2011. He works in the field of theoretical atomic and molecular physics with a special focus on numerical solutions to integral and differential equations of scattering theory and on numerical analytic continuation methods localizing the poles of scattering quantities related to resonances.
Bedangadas Mohanty is an Indian physicist specialising in experimental high energy physics, and is affiliated to National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar. He has been awarded the Infosys Prize in Physical Sciences for 2021 that was announced on 2 December 2021. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in 2015, the highest science award in India, in the physical sciences category. He has been elected as the fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore and National Academy of Sciences, India. In 2020, he was elected as a fellow of American Physical Society.
Oleg Ivanovich Zatsarinny (1953-2021) was a Ukrainian-American theoretical physicist noted for his contributions to all aspects of research related to electron scattering in atoms. He was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after he was nominated by his Division of Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics in 2008, for "the development of the B-Spline R-matrix method with non-orthogonal orbital sets for atomic structure calculations of exceptional accuracy and benchmark calculations for excitation and ionization of complex atoms and ions by photon and electron impact."
Uwe Paul Erich Thumm is a German-American physicist with research interests in atomic, molecular, and optical physics and nanoscience. A distinguished physics professor at Kansas State University and the J. R. Macdonald Laboratory in Manhattan, Kansas his research team investigates the ultrafast dynamics of electrons and molecular fragments in laser-matter and particle-matter interactions, highly-charged-ion physics, electron–atom collisions, and plasmonic nanostructures. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and recipient of several awards, including the Senior Research Award of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
In accelerator physics, a kinematically complete experiment is an experiment in which all kinematic parameters of all collision products are determined. If the final state of the collision involves n particles 3n momentum components need to be determined. However, these components are linked to each other by momentum conservation in each direction and energy conservation so that only 3n-4 components are linearly independent. Therefore, the measurement of 3n-4 momentum components constitutes a kinematically complete experiment.
Sherine O. Obare is the dean of the Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro and North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University. She works on nanomaterials for sensing and drug delivery.
John Holmes Malmberg was an American plasma physicist and a professor at the University of California, San Diego. He was known for making the first experimental measurements of Landau damping of plasma waves in 1964, as well as for his research on non-neutral plasmas and the development of the Penning–Malmberg trap.
References
- ↑ "Emanuel Kamber". Archived from the original on 2006-08-28. Retrieved 2006-09-13.
- WMU News: At the behest of the U.S. Department of State, Dr. Emanuel Kamber, a Western Michigan University professor of physics, has been traveling the world recently to help lay plans for a post-war Iraq.
- Zinda Magazine, 6 July 2005. Editorial: What Next For AUA?
- "Kurdish Autonomy Proposal Threatens Iraqi Territorial Integrity"
- "Exiles Lay Groundwork For An Iraq Transition"
- "Single-Electron Capture Processes in Slow Collisions of He2+ Ions with O2, NH3, N2, and CO2," O. Abu-Haija, E. Y. Kamber, S.M. Ferguson and N. Stolterfoht, Phys. Rev. A 72 042701 (2005)
- "Competition between dissociative and nondissociative single-electron capture in He2+ -O2 collisions," E.Y. Kamber, O. Abu-Haija, and S.M. Ferguson, Physical Review A, 65 (2002) 62717.