 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Emirate of Banu Talis | |
|---|---|
| 1228–1551 | |
| Capital | Bani Walid |
| Religion | Islam |
| History | |
• Established | 1228 |
• Disestablished | 1551 |
| Today part of | Libya |
Banu Talis was an Hawwara [1] Dynasty, which appeared in Libya in 1228 and established the city of Bani Walid as its capital. [2]
The dynasty was founded by the scholar Sheikh Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Al-Rashid bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qayrawani, [3] [4] who was born in the Tunisian city of Mahdia and then moved to Kairouan, [3] where he received his education. It was also said that he was Andalusi by birth.[ citation needed ]
Stories differ about the reason behind Ibn Talis' exodus to Tripoli. Some sources claim that Abd al-Dar took refuge there on the run after a dispute that occurred between him and some scholars of Kairouan who conspired with the Sultan against him. He and those with him fled across the sea to Tripoli. [5] [6] Other sources claim that he was assigned to Tripoli by the ruling Hafsid dynasty.[ citation needed ]
In any case, Sheikh Ibn Talis arrived in Wadi Bani Walid in 1228. The Hawwara Berber and Hilali Arab residents of the region gathered around him (perhaps due to his noble Qurashi lineage). He became a major force in the country.[ citation needed ]
He then made several reforms in the region. He dug between 300 [6] and 360 [5] wells, and built several palaces, [5] [6] including the famous "Ibn Talis Palace", which he used as the seat of power.[ citation needed ]
He also built several zawiyas, [6] and the emirate flourished during his reign. Trade, agriculture, and pottery making spread, and prominent scholars appeared, whose fame spread throughout North Africa and Sub-Saharan Sudan, such as Sheikh "Abdul Salam al-Fitouri", [4] known as "Abdul Salam al-Asmar", to whom students come from all over Libya, Tunisia, Mali (Timbuktu), Chad, and others.[ citation needed ]
The influence of the emirate extended during their reign from the borders of Cyrenaica in the east to Tajoura region in the west, and from the sea in the north to mainland Fezzan in the south, but its power was concentrated on or near the coast in the cities of: Bani Walid, Sirte, Tarhuna, Misrata, Zliten and Masalata. And the Mujahid Sheikh “Abdul Wahid Al-Doukali”, who was a student of the scholar "Ibn Tlis" himself, and Sheikh "Karim Al-Din Al-Barmouni" and many others. Sheikh Ibn Tellis died at the age of 53 and was buried in his hometown of Kairouan.[ citation needed ]
The emirate suffered from foreign invasion more than once, the first of which was the Spanish invasion in 1510 AD, [4] [7] which targeted the city of Masalata, the cultural capital of the emirate, and the Banu Tellis were able to repel this occupation under the leadership of Sheikh "Abdul Wahid Al-Doukali."[ citation needed ]
Then there was the Ottoman Turkish invasion during the reign of the last prince, "Ali II", who resisted them for 26 years before they invaded in 1603 AD with an army of 10,000 fighters supported by some local tribes. As for the emirate's headquarters in Qasr Bin Talis, it was destroyed, the city was completely burned, and most of the members of the ruling family were killed, [7] and after that an unknowen sheikhdom ruled. [4]
Those who remained alive fled to the southwest of the city of Tripoli and became part of a tribal alliance there known as "Burshfana", in which they are numbered to this day and are known as the "Awlad Talis" tribe.[ citation needed ]
The Emirate of Ben Talis is considered one of the important periods in the modern history of Libya, as it formed many of the cultural features and popular folklore prevailing in the country. However, the Turks' destruction of Ben Talis Palace and burning of most of the documents in it buried several facts about the emirate and became difficult for historical researchers to access. To abstract historical information and purify it from myths, especially with regards to the lineage of the dynasty and how its rule ended.[ citation needed ]
The rulers who succeeded Sheikh Ahmed in ruling are: [8]
1- Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Al-Rashid bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qayrawani
2- Ali bin Ahmed bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qurashi.
3- Hamouda bin Ali bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qurashi
4- Diab bin Hamouda bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qurashi
5- Ghalib bin Diab bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qurashi
6- Ali II bin Ghalib bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qurashi
Sheikh is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder".
The tribe of Shammar is a tribal Arab Qahtanite confederation, descended from the Tayy, which migrated into the northern Arabian Peninsula from Yemen in the second century. It is the largest branch of the Tayy, and one of the largest and most influential Arab tribes. The historical and traditional seat of the tribe's leadership is in the city of Ḥaʼil in what was the Emirate of Jabal Shammar in what is now Saudi Arabia. In its "golden age", around 1850, the Shammar ruled much of central and northern Arabia from Riyadh to the frontiers of Syria and the vast area of Upper Mesopotamia.
Banū Tamīm is an Arab tribe that originated in Najd in the Arabian Peninsula. It is mainly present in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon, a strong presence in Algeria, and Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia, and Libya. It is also present in many other parts of the Arab world such as Egypt and Khuzestan in Iran. The word Tamim in Arabic means strong and solid. It can also mean those who strive for perfection.
Abū Hurayra ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ṣakhr al-Dawsī al-Zahrānī, commonly known as Abū Hurayra, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the most prolific hadith narrator in Sunni Islam.
The Ridda Wars were a series of military campaigns launched by the first caliph Abu Bakr against rebellious Arabian tribes. They began shortly after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 632 and concluded the next year, with all battles won by the Rashidun Caliphate.
The Banu Abs are an ancient Bedouin tribe that originated in central Arabia. They form a branch of the powerful and numerous Ghatafan tribes. They still inhabit the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa but have spread to many other regions of the world, as well. Their descendants today include the large Al Qubaisat tribe located in United Arab Emirates, Bani Rasheed tribe located in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Yemen, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Sudan, Eritrea, and Jordan, and the Banu Rawaha located mostly in Oman and the UAE. They are known to be the second strongest tribe after The Prophet's Tribe. Parts of the Mahas tribe of the Butana region in Sudan are also linked by blood to the Banu Abs due to intermarriage between the Sudanese Rashaida tribe and the Mahas peoples. One of the earliest stories concerning this tribe was the famous classical love and war story of Antar and Abla.
The Beni Sakhar confederacy is one of the largest and most influential tribal confederacies in Jordan. Its founder, Sakher bin Tha'labah al Tayy likely lived in the 3rd century AD, making the tribe around 18 centuries old. The Bani Sakher began migrating to Jordan as early as the 16th century and grew to become an influential tribe as by around the mid 18th century. The Beni Sakher is made out of many clans, both through ancestry and alliances. These clans are primarily separated into three groups, Al-Twaqa headed by the princely Al-Fayez family, Al-Ka'abneh headed by the Khreisha family, and Al-Khdeir.
In Arabic names, a nisba, also rendered as nesba or nesbat, is an adjective surname indicating the person's place of origin, ancestral tribe, or ancestry, used at the end of the name and occasionally ending in the suffix -iyy for males and -iyyah for females. Nisba, originally an Arabic word, has been passed to many other languages such as Turkish, Persian, Bengali and Urdu.
Al-Dawasir is an Arabian tribe in the Arabian Peninsula. Its main base is in the south of Najd in the governorates of Wadi Al-Dawasir, As Sulayyil, Al-Aflaj, and Al-Kharj. The tribe is an affiliation of 2 groups: the Taghlib Bani Wael and Al-Zayd Al-Azd. The Al-Dawasir tribe is among the most powerful and influential tribes of Arabia, as they are the maternal uncles of much of the House of Saud family.
Harb is an Arab tribe in the Arabian peninsula. It is originally a Qahtanite tribe. Some sources on Arab tribes' genealogy state that the great-grandfather of the Harb tribe is Harb ibn Saad ibn Saad ibn Khawlan ibn Amr ibn Qadha'ah ibn Himyar ibn Qahtan. Harb tribal lands extend from the Red Sea coast in Tihamah to the heart of Najd in the central region of Saudi Arabia, and from North the Harbi lands extend from Madinah to Al Qunfudhah in the south. The tribe's reach extends to other Arab countries like Kuwait, Iraq, Bahrain and UAE.
Al-Ghamdi is an Arabic family name denoting a member of the Ghamd tribe of Saudi Arabia.
The Bani Shaiba are an Arab clan belonging to the Banu Abd al-Dar sub-clan, that are part of the larger erstwhile Quraysh tribal confederation in Hejaz, present-day Saudi Arabia. They comprise mainly of the descendants of Uthman ibn Talha, his father Talha ibn Abdullah and his grandfather Abd al-Dar ibn Qusai and are known to have historically held the keys to the Kaaba since pre-Islamic 1500 BC and subsequently in the aftermath of the Conquest of Mecca by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 630.
Bani Khalid is an Arab tribal confederation mainly inhabiting the Arabian Peninsula. The tribe ruled southern Iraq, Kuwait, and Eastern Arabia from the 15th century to the 18th century, and again under the auspices of the Ottoman Empire during the early 19th century. At its greatest extent, the domain of Bani Khalid extended from Iraq in the north to the borders of Oman in the South, and Bani Khalid wielded political influence by ruling the region of Najd in central Arabia. Most of the tribe's members presently reside in eastern and central Saudi Arabia, while others live in Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates. Bani Khalid has both Shia Muslim and Sunni Muslim members.
Anizah or Anazah is an Arabian tribe in the Arabian Peninsula, Upper Mesopotamia, and the Levant.
The Al Khater family is a prestigious family in the Arabian Peninsula. They belong to Al Buainain of Banu Tamim. The family expands in several Arabian Peninsula countries including Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Bahrain. The Al Khater are the ones who built two major cities in the Arabian Peninsula which are Jubail in Saudi Arabia and the former capital of Qatar, Al Wakrah.
The Ghamd is an Azd Arab tribe of the Hejaz Region. They are predominantly Sunni, and are considered one of the oldest tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. The Ghamid people are thought to be closely related to the neighboring tribe of Zahran.
Banu Asad is an Arab tribe, descended from Asad ibn Khuzayma. They are Adnanite Arabs, powerful and one of the most famous tribes. They are widely respected by many Arab tribes, respected by Shia Muslims because they have buried the body of Husayn ibn Ali, his family and companions with the help of Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, the son of Husayn, and many martyrs from the Battle of Karbala are from the tribe. Today, many members of the tribe live in the Iraqi cities of Basra, Najaf, Kufa, Karbala, Nasiriyah, Amarah, Kut, Hillah, Diyala and Baghdad. There is a branch from the Banu Assad in Northern Sudan called Banu Kahil who have migrated from the Hijaz to Sudan. There are also members of Bani Assad tribe in Ahvaz in the Khuzestan of Iran located with neighboring tribes of Banu Tamim, Bani Malik, Banu Kaab and other notable Arab tribes.
Tāj al-Ma‘ālī Abū ‘Abd Allāh Shukr ibn Abī al-Futūḥ al-Ḥasan ibn Ja‘far al-Ḥasanī, also named Muhammad, was the fourth and last Musawid Emir of Mecca. He inherited the throne after the death of his father Abu al-Futuh in 400 AH (1010). During his reign he warred against the Banu Husayn of Medina and brought both holy cities under his control. He died in Ramadan 453 AH, He was deposed by the Sulaymanids in 403 AH (1012) AD by Abu Tayeb Daoud bin Abdul Rahman. He had one daughter; she married Abu Hashim Muhammad ibn Ja'far. Since he had no sons one of his slaves succeeded him as Emir, but the Emirate was soon captured by sharifs of the Sulaymanid dynasty. In late 455 AH (1063) Ali al-Sulayhi captured Mecca and appointed Abu Hashim Muhammad as Emir.
Bani Khalid Emirate or the Emirate of Al Humaid from the Bani Khalid tribe was a state that arose in the eastern region of the Arabian Peninsula in year 1669 after Emir Barrak ibn Ghurayr made his capital in Al-Mubarraz then managed to defeat the Ottoman Empire represented by Lahsa Eyalet and drove them out of the region. The Emirate of Al Hamid ended in the year 1796 after the defeat of Barak bin Abdul Mohsen at the hands of the First Saudi State.
