 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(August 2016) |
| Type | Private |
|---|---|
| Established | 1975 |
| Address | Level 2, 269 Wickham St., Fortitude Valley Queensland 4006 Australia , , , |
| Campus | Suburban |
| Website | endeavour.edu.au |
Endeavour College of Natural Health is a private education institution located in multiple campuses across Australia, specialising in alternative medicine.
Endeavour College of Natural Health was established in 1975, originally under the name Australian College of Natural Medicine. This remains the legal entity. The College is a 'dual sector' private education provider, meaning it offers higher education and vocational education and training (VET) courses.
In higher education, Endeavour offers Bachelor of Health Science degrees in a range of complementary medicine modalities and pseudosciences such as Naturopathy, Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine, and also offers a conventional Bachelor of Health Science degree in Nutritional and Dietetic Medicine. [1] The College also offers a higher education Diploma of Health Science for those looking to learn more about the complementary medicine fields prior to stepping into a degree.
VET courses in various alternative modalities are also provided by the College, ranging from the certificate level to diplomas.
Endeavour operates several Australian campuses in Brisbane, the Gold Coast, Melbourne, Adelaide, Sydney and Perth. [2]
In 2015, the college was sold by its parent company Vocation to Study Group International for AUS$75 million. [3] In 2018, Study Group International sold off its most valuable asset, Endeavour, to Allegro Funds at a staggering loss in order to repay significant government debts. Allegro Funds operating as Education Bidco remains the private equity owner.
In 2010, an audit by the Australian Universities Quality Agency reported that "students expressed the view that the college does not take sufficient responsibility for the student experience" and that the college "has a number of cultural challenges which it must overcome and these go to the core of how the college is operating as a higher education provider", noting a lack of managerial oversight and a need for clearer oversight of decision-making. [4] Re-registration of the College as a higher education provider in 2014 showed most of these issues had been addressed appropriately.
It has also come under additional criticism since the 2015 Review of the Australian Government Rebate on Private Health Insurance for Natural Therapies. [5] The college submitted a statement to this review, including claiming efficacy of pseudomedicine methods including homeopathy, [6] [7] Its former lecturers have also received criticism for their spreading anti-vaccination misinformation. [8]
Alternative medicine is any practice that aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine despite lacking biological plausibility, testability, repeatability or evidence of effectiveness. Unlike modern medicine, which employs the scientific method to test plausible therapies by way of responsible and ethical clinical trials, producing repeatable evidence of either effect or of no effect, alternative therapies reside outside of medical science and do not originate from using the scientific method, but instead rely on testimonials, anecdotes, religion, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural "energies", pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or other unscientific sources. Frequently used terms for relevant practices are New Age medicine, pseudo-medicine, unorthodox medicine, holistic medicine, fringe medicine, and unconventional medicine, with little distinction from quackery.
The Alexander Technique, named after its developer Frederick Matthias Alexander (1869–1955), is a type of alternative therapy based on the idea that poor posture gives rise to a range of health problems. The American National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health classifies it as a "psychological and physical" complementary approach to health when used "together with" mainstream methods. When used "in place of" conventional medicine, it's considered "alternative".
Naturopathy, or naturopathic medicine, is a form of alternative medicine. A wide array of pseudoscientific practices branded as "natural", "non-invasive", or promoting "self-healing" are employed by its practitioners, who are known as naturopaths. Difficult to generalize, these treatments range from outright quackery, like homeopathy, to widely accepted practices like certain forms of psychotherapy. The ideology and methods of naturopathy are based on vitalism and folk medicine rather than evidence-based medicine, although practitioners may use techniques supported by evidence.
Shiatsu is a form of Japanese bodywork based on concepts in traditional Chinese medicine such as qi meridians. Having been popularized in the twentieth century by Tokujiro Namikoshi (1905–2000), shiatsu derives from the older Japanese massage modality called anma.
Rolfing is a form of alternative medicine originally developed by Ida Rolf (1896–1979) as Structural Integration. Rolfing is marketed with unproven claims of various health benefits. It is based on Rolf's ideas about how the human body's "energy field" can benefit when aligned with the Earth's gravitational field.
Bastyr University is a private alternative medicine university with campuses in Kenmore, Washington, and San Diego, California. Programs include naturopathy, acupuncture, Traditional Asian medicine, nutrition, herbal medicine, ayurvedic medicine, psychology, and midwifery.
Reflexology, also known as zone therapy, is an alternative medical practice involving the application of pressure to specific points on the feet, ears, and hands. This is done using thumb, finger, and hand massage techniques without the use of oil or lotion. It is based on a pseudoscientific system of zones and reflex areas that purportedly reflect an image of the body on the feet and hands, with the premise that such work on the feet and hands causes a physical change to the supposedly related areas of the body.
Edzard Ernst is a retired British-German academic physician and researcher specializing in the study of complementary and alternative medicine. He was Professor of Complementary Medicine at the University of Exeter, the world's first such academic position in complementary and alternative medicine.
The National University of Natural Medicine (NUNM) is a private university of naturopathic medicine and Classical Chinese medicine located in Portland, Oregon. The school has approximately 553 students.
Alternative veterinary medicine is the use of alternative medicine in the treatment of animals. Types alternative therapies used for veterinary treatments may include, but are not limited to, acupuncture, herbal medicine, homeopathy, ethnomedicine and chiropractic. The term includes many treatments that do not have enough evidence to support them being a standard method within many veterinary practices.
Homeopathy is fairly common in some countries while being uncommon in others. In some countries, there are no specific legal regulations concerning the use of homeopathy, while in others, licenses or degrees in conventional medicine from accredited universities are required.
The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine (CCNM) is a private, not-for-profit institution with two campus locations: the CCNM -Toronto Campus in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the CCNM -Boucher Campus in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada.
The Ministry of Ayush, a ministry of the Government of India, is responsible for developing education, research and propagation of traditional medicine systems in India. Ayush is a name devised from the names of the alternative healthcare systems covered by the ministry: Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and Homeopathy.
The Complementary and Natural Healthcare Council (CNHC) is a regulatory body in the United Kingdom which provides a voluntary register of complementary, rather than alternative medicine, therapists. The key purpose of CNHC is to act in the public interest and enable proper public accountability of the complementary therapists that it registers.
The Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine is a specialist alternative medicine hospital located in London, England and a part of University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. It is the largest public sector provider of complementary medicine in Europe. It is based in the Bloomsbury area of Central London, adjacent to Great Ormond Street Hospital.
Australasian College of Natural Therapies (ACNT) is an Australian private natural health college that offers both tertiary education and vocational education and training.
Southern School of Natural Therapies (SSNT) is the longest-standing institution in Natural Therapies that offers both tertiary education and vocational education and training. The School became a part of education provider Torrens University Australia in 2014, itself part of the Strategic Education, Inc. group.
The Friends of Science In Medicine (FSM) is an Australian association which supports evidence-based medicine and strongly opposes the promotion and practice of unsubstantiated therapies that lack a scientifically plausible rationale. They accomplish this by publicly raising their concerns either through direct correspondence or through media outlets. FSM was established in December 2011 by Loretta Marron, John Dwyer, Alastair MacLennan, Rob Morrison and Marcello Costa, a group of Australian biomedical scientists and clinical academics.
University of Cyberjaya (UoC) is a private university with a focus on healthcare programmes. The university has been operating since its establishment in 2005 and offers over 20 diploma, degree and postgraduate programmes in the fields of medicine, pharmacy, psychology, occupational safety and health, homeopathy, physiotherapy, biomedical engineering technology, paramedical sciences and postgraduate courses such as the Masters in Clinical Pharmacy, Doctory of Pharmacy, MSc and PhD in Medical Sciences and Allied Health sciences. UoC was awarded a Tier 5 - Excellent rating by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency. It is in Cyberjaya, in Sepang District, Selangor, Malaysia.
Alternative medicine describes any practice which aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine, but which lacks biological plausibility and is untested or untestable. Complementary medicine (CM), complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), integrated medicine or integrative medicine (IM), and holistic medicine are among many rebrandings of the same phenomenon.
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