Energy in Mayotte

Last updated
The port of Longoni generates most of the electricity in Mayotte. Port de Longoni.jpg
The port of Longoni generates most of the electricity in Mayotte.

The energy sector in Mayotte is mainly oriented towards the consumption of electricity based on fossil fuels; renewable energies are currently underdeveloped for the moment, and there is no export of fossil fuels.

Contents

Electricity in Mayotte in 2015 was 95% thermal sources and 5% renewable energy. [1] The multi-year energy program sets a target of 30% renewable energies in final consumption in 2020. Electricity needs are growing strongly due to the growth of Mayotte and its population, as well as the increase in electricity. A number of air conditioners are also installed, which leads to peaks in consumption in summer; [2] electricity consumption increased by 14.5% per year between 1995 and 2010. [3] Petite-Terre, although smaller, consumes 15% of the total electricity, in particular because of the presence of the airport and the hospital, large consumers of electricity [1]

Mayotte should welcome its first electric cars in summer 2019, as well as its first charging stations. [4]

Electricity

Mayotte has had access to electricity since 1977; the electricity network has only covered the entire territory since 1990. [3] The only electricity supplier on the island is Électricité de Mayotte, a société anonyme d’économie mixte owned by the General Council of Mayotte (50.01%), Électricité de France (24,99%), SAUR International (24,99%), and the State (0,01%). EDM entered the Industries Électriques et Gazières (IEG) on 1st January 2011. It carries out the public service mission of producing, distributing and marketing electricity on the island of Mayotte. Its activities fall entirely within the field regulated by the Commission de régulation de l'énergie (CRE). The General Management as well as all the positions of managers of the operational divisions are carried out by employees of the EDF Group. Governance is provided by the State, ADEME, and EDM. [1]

The inhabitants of Mayotte benefit from regulated tariffs in the same way as the metropolis, even if the production costs are five times higher than the energy share of these tariffs. [1] The additional costs are covered by the contribution to the public electricity service (CSPE), paid by all consumers, and amount for example to 10.8 billion euros over the period 2002-2013 [1]

Mayotte Electricity Report [5]
201120122013Variation (%)
GWh%GWh%GWh%2012/112013/12
Electricity production
Primary electricity145,3155,7175,911,58,5
of which photovoltaic145,3155,7175,911,58,5
Classic thermal24894,725694,326894,13,05,0
Total gross production2621002711002851003,55,2
Energy branch consumption (% of production)
Internal consumption branch141415
Losses and adjustments81110
Total energy branch consumption228,4259,3258,614-2,6
Final electricity consumption
Residential16267,416768,118069,23,57,8
Professional (tertiary, industry, agriculture, transport)7832,67831,98030,80,42,1
Final consumption2401002461002601002,56,0

Thermal power stations

There are two thermal power stations in Mayotte, consisting of 17 diesel engines in all. The motors are of different powers (between 750kW and 8MW) and use different technologies. This makes it possible to adjust as needed. [1]

The Badamiers power station, on the island of Petite-Terre, was commissioned in 1987, with a capacity of 38.1 MW; in 2013 this plant provided 38% of total production. [1] This plant does not comply with industrial standards (particularly pollution or noise) but operates with a temporary exemption from the DEAL. Its potential upgrading would be costly; EDM plans to operate until 2023, when it would be at the end of its life [1]

The Longoni power station, on the island of Grande-Terre, was commissioned in 2009, with a capacity of 40 MW, and provided 57% of total production. [1] This plant is being extended to add 3 new Wartsila 12V46  [ fi ] engines of MW capacity each, which would add 36 MW of capacity.

The Kawéni power station, with a capacity of 11 MW, was opened in 1978, but it has been dismantled since. [3]

Oil

The island's oil imports are used for consumption for vehicles and thermal power stations.

Renewable energies

The first solar panels were installed in 2009, and are not associated with storage. [1] The installed capacity is 13 MW, in particular via the Longoni power plant, inaugurated in 2010. [3] Solar energy is the only renewable energy with significant development potential on the island; the wind potential (22 MW according to a study) would not lead to a significant production because the wind blows only 6 months per year. [3]

In 2019 (and since 2013), 5.9% of the total energy (electric and thermal) on the island comes from solar energy. [6] This figure has not increased, despite the enormous potential of the island, due to a ceiling set by the Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE), due to the volatility of this type of energy. However, a solar energy storage program, called “Opera” (“Opération pilote énergies renouvelables”), which has been waiting for the green light since 2013, could allow targeting up to 30% of solar energy in the energy mix. A new program called "Gamissa" ( "Storage"in Shimaoré) was proposed by EdM in 2019, and could constitute the first milestone of a 50% solar energy target for the 2020s. [6]

Related Research Articles

Electricity sector in India Electricity generation and distribution in India

India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world. The national electric grid in India has an installed capacity of 388.134 GW as of 31 August 2021. Renewable power plants, which also include large hydroelectric plants, constitute 37% of India's total installed capacity. During the fiscal year (FY) 2019-20, the gross electricity generated by utilities in India was 1,383.5 TWh and the total electricity generation in the country was 1,598 TWh. The gross electricity consumption in FY2019 was 1,208 kWh per capita. In FY2015, electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded as being the highest (17.89%) worldwide. The per capita electricity consumption is low compared to most other countries despite India having a low electricity tariff.

Renewable energy in the European Union Overview of renewable energy in the European Union

Renewable energy plays an important and growing role in the energy system of the European Union. The share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy was 18% in 2018. This is double the share in 2004 with 8.5%. The Europe 2020 strategy includes a target of reaching 20% of gross final energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020, and at least 32% by 2030. These figures are based on energy use in all its forms across all three main sectors, the heating and cooling sector, the electricity sector and the transport sector.

Energy in France Overview of the production, consumption, import and export of energy and electricity in France

Energy in France is generated from 5 primary sources: coal, natural gas, liquid fuels, nuclear power, and renewables. In 2020, nuclear power made up the largest potion of electricity generation, at around 78%. Renewables accounted for 19.1% of energy consumption. France has the largest share of nuclear electricity in the world. The country is also among the world's biggest net exporters of electricity. The country is increasingly investing in renewable energy and has set a target of 32% by 2030.

Renewable energy in Spain Overview of renewable energy in Spain

Spain has set the target of generating 20% of all its energy needs from renewable energy sources by 2020 and an additional 0.8% may be available for other EU countries under the cooperation mechanism bringing the total to 20.8%. By the end of 2014 Spain had reached a level of 16.2% of all its energy needs from renewable energy sources.

Solar power in the European Union

Solar power in the European Union consists of photovoltaics (PV) and solar thermal energy.

The largely government owned electricity sector in Haiti referred to as Électricité d'Haïti (ED'H for "Haiti Electric Utility", faced a deep crisis characterized by dramatic shortages and the lowest coverage of electricity in the Western Hemisphere in 2006. with only about 38.5% of the population having regular access to electricity. In addition, Haiti's large share of thermal generation makes the country especially vulnerable to rising and unstable oil prices.

Morocco's energy policy is set independently by two agencies of the government: the Office of Hydrocarbons and Mining (ONHYM)which sets domestic oil policy, and the Office National de l'Electricité (ONE), which sets policy with regard to electricity. The two major weaknesses of the energy policy of Morocco are the lack of coordination between these two agencies and the lack of development of domestic energy sources.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo was a net energy exporter in 2008. Most energy was consumed domestically in 2008. According to the IEA statistics the energy export was in 2008 small and less than from the Republic of Congo. 2010 population figures were 3.8 million for the RC compared to CDR 67.8 Million.

EDF Renewables

EDF Renewables is a wholly owned subsidiary of the French utility EDF Group, specializing in renewable energy production. As an integrated operator, the Group develops and finances the construction of renewable energy facilities, and manages operations and maintenance for its own account and for third parties.

Energy in Malta

Energy in Malta describes energy production, consumption and import in Malta. Malta has no domestic resource of fossil fuels and no gas distribution network, and relies overwhelmingly on imports of fossil fuels and electricity to cover its energy needs. Since 2015, the Malta–Sicily interconnector allows Malta to be connected to the European power grid and import a significant share of its electricity.

Electricity sector in France Overview of the electricity sector in France

The electricity sector in France is dominated by its nuclear power, which accounted for 71.7% of total production in 2018, while renewables and fossil fuels accounted for 21.3% and 7.1%, respectively. France has the largest share of nuclear electricity in the world, and together with renewable energy supplies, this has helped its grid achieve very low carbon intensity.

Electricity sector in Switzerland Overview of the electricity sector in Switzerland

The electricity sector in Switzerland relies mainly on hydroelectricity, since the Alps cover almost two-thirds of the country's land mass, providing many large mountain lakes and artificial reservoirs suited for hydro power. In addition, the water masses drained from the Swiss Alps are intensively used by run-of-the-river hydroelectricity (ROR). With 9,052 kWh per person in 2008, the country's electricity consumption is relatively high and was 22% above the European Union's average.

The France National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for France. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how France planned to achieve its legally binding target of a 23% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020.

Solar power in Italy Overview of solar power in Italy

During the first decade of the new Millennium Italy was the third country after Germany and Spain to experience an unprecedented boom in solar installations after actively promoting solar power through government incentives. In July 2005 the country launched its first "Conto Energia" programme supporting the development of renewable power. Growth in solar installations picked up immediately but it was the years 2009-2013 that saw a boom in installed photovoltaic (PV) nameplate capacity, increasing nearly 15-fold, and 2012's year-end capacity of over 16 GW ranked second in the world after Germany, ahead of the other leading contenders, China, Japan and the United States at that time.

Renewable energy in the Czech Republic describes the renewable energy related development in the Energy in the Czech Republic.

Three primary energy sources make up the energy mix in Guinea: fossil biomass, oil and hydropower. Biomass makes the largest contribution in primary energy consumption. It is locally produced, while Guinea imports all the petroleum products it needs. The potential for hydroelectric power generation is high, but largely untapped. Electricity is not available to a high percentage of Guineans, especially in rural areas, and service is intermittent, even in the capital city of Conakry.

Under its commitment to the EU renewable energy directive of 2009, France has a target of producing 23% of its total energy needs from renewable energy by 2020. This figure breaks down to renewable energy providing 33% of energy used in the heating and cooling sector, 27% of the electricity sector and 10.5% in the transport sector. By the end of 2014, 14.3% of France's total energy requirements came from renewable energy, a rise from 9.6% in 2005.

Renewable energy in Greece accounted for 8% of the country's total energy consumption in 2008. 12% of Greece's electricity comes from hydroelectric power plants.

Renewable energy in Ukraine

In Ukraine, the share of renewables within the total energy mix is still very small, but is growing fast. Total installed capacity of renewable energy installations more than doubled in 2011 and as of 2012 stands at 397 MW. In 2011, several large solar power stations were opened in Ukraine, among them Europe's largest solar park in Perovo, (Crimea). Ukrainian State Agency for Energy Efficiency and Conservation forecasts that combined installed capacity of wind and solar power plants in Ukraine could increase by another 600 MW in 2012. According to Macquarie Research, by 2016 Ukraine will construct and commission new solar power stations with a total capacity of 1.8 GW, almost equivalent to the capacity of two nuclear reactors.

Eranove is a French company active in the management of public services and in the production of electricity and drinking water in Africa. The company was formerly known as Finagestion.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Décryptages numéro 46 - Les systèmes électriques de Mayotte et La Réunion". www.cre.fr (in French). Retrieved 2019-05-19.
  2. ↑ "Les climatiseurs tournent à plein régime, EDM constate des pics de consommation". Mayotte la 1ère (in French). Retrieved 2019-05-19.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "La production d'électricité dans le département de Mayotte". L'EnerGeek (in French). 2013-01-03. Retrieved 2019-05-19.
  4. ↑ "E.D.M. - Electricité de Mayotte : L'arrivée des premiers véhicules électriques à Mayotte prévue dans les trois prochains mois". Mayotte la 1ère (in French). Retrieved 2019-05-19.
  5. ↑ Bilan énergétique de la France pour 2013 - Ministry of the Ecological Transition (France), 18 July 2014 (p. 97 and p. 129-131)
  6. 1 2 Anne Perzo (6 March 2019). "Énergies renouvelables : Mayotte se « fossilise » toujours à 95%". Le Journal de Mayotte (in French).
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.