Engineering research

Last updated

Engineering research - as a branch of science, it stands primarily for research that is oriented towards achieving a specific goal that would be useful, while seeking to employ the powerful tools already developed in Engineering as well as in non-Engineering sciences such as Physics, Mathematics, Computer science, Chemistry, Biology, etc. Often, some of the knowledge required to develop such tools is nonexistent or is simply not good enough, and the engineering research takes the form of a non-engineering science. Since engineering is extensive, it comprises specialised areas such as bioengineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, electrical and computer engineering, civil and environmental engineering, agricultural engineering, etc.

The largest professional organisation is the IEEE that today includes much more than the original Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

Major contributors to engineering research around the world include governments, private business, [1] and academia.

The results of engineering research can emerge in journal articles, at academic conferences, and in the form of new products on the market.

Much engineering research in the United States of America takes place under the aegis of the Department of Defense. [2]

Military-related research into science and technology has led to "dual-use" applications, with the adaptation of weaponry, communications and other defense systems for the military and other applications for civilian use. Programmable digital computers and the Internet which connects them, the GPS satellite network, fiber-optic cable, radar and lasers provide examples.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Computer science</span> Study of computation

Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines to applied disciplines. Though more often considered an academic discipline, computer science is closely related to computer programming.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Control engineering</span> Engineering discipline that deals with control systems

Control engineering or control systems engineering is an engineering discipline that deals with control systems, applying control theory to design equipment and systems with desired behaviors in control environments. The discipline of controls overlaps and is usually taught along with electrical engineering, chemical engineering and mechanical engineering at many institutions around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Engineering</span> Applied science and research

Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design process to solve technical problems, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve systems. Modern engineering comprises many subfields which include designing and improving infrastructure, machinery, vehicles, electronics, materials, and energy systems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mechanical engineering</span> Engineering discipline

Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science, to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. It is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering branches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Computer engineering</span> Engineering discipline specializing in the design of computer hardware

Computer engineering is a branch of computer science and electronic engineering that integrates several fields of computer science and electronic engineering required to develop computer hardware and software. Computer engineering is referred to as computer science and engineering at some universities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">École centrale de Lyon</span> Research university in Lyon

The École centrale de Lyon (ECL) is a research university in greater Lyon, France. Founded in 1857 by François Barthélemy Arlès-Dufour in response to the increasing industrialization of France, it is one of the oldest graduate schools in France. The university is part of the Grandes Écoles, a prestigious group of French institutions dedicated to engineering, scientific research, and business education. The current 45-acre campus opened in 1967 and is located in the city of Ecully.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Civil engineer</span> Engineering of infrastructure

A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering – the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructure while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing infrastructure that may have been neglected.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ETH Zurich</span> Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich

ETH Zurich is a public research university in Zürich, Switzerland. Founded in 1854 with the stated mission to educate engineers and scientists, the university focuses primarily on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. It consistently ranks among the 20 best universities in the world and its 16 departments span a variety of disciplines and subjects.

The University of California, Berkeley College of Engineering is the engineering school of the University of California, Berkeley. The college occupies fourteen buildings on the northeast side of the main campus and also operates the 150-acre (61-hectare) Richmond Field Station. Established in 1931, the college is considered to be one of the most prestigious and selective engineering schools in both the nation and the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Computer simulation</span> Process of mathematical modelling, performed on a computer

Computer simulation is the process of mathematical modelling, performed on a computer, which is designed to predict the behaviour of, or the outcome of, a real-world or physical system. The reliability of some mathematical models can be determined by comparing their results to the real-world outcomes they aim to predict. Computer simulations have become a useful tool for the mathematical modeling of many natural systems in physics, astrophysics, climatology, chemistry, biology and manufacturing, as well as human systems in economics, psychology, social science, health care and engineering. Simulation of a system is represented as the running of the system's model. It can be used to explore and gain new insights into new technology and to estimate the performance of systems too complex for analytical solutions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marine engineering</span> Engineering and design of shipboard systems

Marine engineering is the engineering of boats, ships, submarines, and any other marine vessel. Here it is also taken to include the engineering of other ocean systems and structures – referred to in certain academic and professional circles as "ocean engineering".

The School of Engineering and Applied Science (SEAS) at the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. is a technical school which specializes in engineering, technology, communications, and transportation. The school is located on the main campus of the George Washington University and offers both undergraduate and graduate programs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Technical University of Kaiserslautern</span>

Technical University of Kaiserslautern was a public research university in Kaiserslautern, Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biological engineering</span> Application of biology and engineering to create useful products

Biological engineering or bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products. Biological engineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics, biocatalysts, biomechanics, bioinformatics, separation and purification processes, bioreactor design, surface science, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and polymer science. It is used in the design of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, biocompatible materials, renewable energy, ecological engineering, agricultural engineering, process engineering and catalysis, and other areas that improve the living standards of societies.

The James McKelvey School of Engineering is a part of Washington University in St. Louis. Founded in 1854, the engineering school is a research institution occupying seven buildings on Washington University's Danforth Campus. Research emphasis is placed on cross-disciplinary technologies in the areas of alternative energy, environmental engineering & sustainable technology, biotechnology, information technology, and nanotechnology/materials science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manufacturing engineering</span> Branch of engineering

Manufacturing engineering or production engineering is a branch of professional engineering that shares many common concepts and ideas with other fields of engineering such as mechanical, chemical, electrical, and industrial engineering. Manufacturing engineering requires the ability to plan the practices of manufacturing; to research and to develop tools, processes, machines, and equipment; and to integrate the facilities and systems for producing quality products with the optimum expenditure of capital.

Modeling and simulation (M&S) is the use of models as a basis for simulations to develop data utilized for managerial or technical decision making.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Applied mathematics</span> Application of mathematical methods to other fields

Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

Industrial and production engineering (IPE) is an interdisciplinary engineering discipline that includes manufacturing technology, engineering sciences, management science, and optimization of complex processes, systems, or organizations. It is concerned with the understanding and application of engineering procedures in manufacturing processes and production methods. Industrial engineering dates back all the way to the industrial revolution, initiated in 1700s by Sir Adam Smith, Henry Ford, Eli Whitney, Frank Gilbreth and Lilian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, F.W. Taylor, etc. After the 1970s, industrial and production engineering developed worldwide and started to widely use automation and robotics. Industrial and production engineering includes three areas: Mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, and management science.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IIT Tirupati</span> Autonomous engineering and technology university

Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati is an autonomous engineering and technology education institute located in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Initially mentored by IIT Madras, now IIT Tirupati, the fastest growing 3rd generation IIT is located in Yerpedu, Tirupati, and has a size of 539 acres, including a proposed research park. The Foundation stone for IIT Tirupati was laid by the Union Minister Smriti Irani and the then Union Minister and former Vice President of India M.Venkaiah Naidu and the then chief minister of Andhra Pradesh N. Chandrababu Naidu.

References

  1. For example, the New Zealand Heavy Engineering Research Association (HERA) - http://www.hera.org.nz/Category?Action=View&Category_id=44
  2. "More than one-third of all engineering research comes from the Defense Department, and it is one of the largest supporters of research in electronics, computers, mathematics, aeronautics, material science, mechanics and the environmental sciences, especially oceanography."