Enitan Carrol

Last updated
Enitan Carrol
Alma mater University of Aberdeen
Scientific career
Institutions University of Liverpool

Enitan Carrol is a British physician and Professor of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology. Carrol studies the mechanisms that underpin bacterial infection. In 2020 she was featured in Nicola Rollock's exhibition Phenomenal Women: Portraits of UK Black Female Professors.

Contents

Early life and education

Carrol studied medicine at the University of Aberdeen. [1]

Research and career

In 2013 Carrol was made a Professor at the University of Liverpool. [2] Her research considers the biological mechanisms that underpin bacterial infections. [3] [4] Carrol has investigated clinic deterioration of children, and looked to understand whether the use of a paediatric early warning score (PEWS) could be used to prevent admission to critical care. [5] In particular, she proposed the use of VitalPAC, an electronic handheld device that healthcare professionals can use to document vital signs and automatically calculate PEWS. Patients with a higher PEWS score require more urgent medical attention, and alert messages are sent to senior nurses and doctors. [5]

She is a member of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) sepsis development group. [6] As part of this work, Carrol has studied the use of antibiotics in treating sepsis. [7] She is interested in whether Procalcitonin (PCT) could be used to improve the assessment and treatment of sepsis. [7] [8] In 2020 Carrol started to work with Imperial College London on the development of rapid diagnostic tests for severe illnesses through the use of gene signatures. [9] Such tests will study the genetic make-up of patient blood samples, and compare them to a comprehensive library of the gene signatures of particular diseases. [9]

Academic service

Carrol is the Knowledge Exchange Lead at the University of Liverpool Institute of Infection and Global Health. [10] As of February 2019, there were only 25 Black women professors in the United Kingdom. [11] She is a member of Iyiola Solanke's Black Female Professor Forum. [11] In 2020 her portrait was included in Nicola Rollock's exhibition, Phenomenal Women: Portraits of UK Black Female Professors. [12] [13]

Publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pneumonia</span> Inflammation of the alveoli of the lungs

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity of the condition is variable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick Griffith</span> British bacteriologist (1877–1941)

Frederick Griffith (1877–1941) was a British bacteriologist whose focus was the epidemiology and pathology of bacterial pneumonia. In January 1928 he reported what is now known as Griffith's Experiment, the first widely accepted demonstrations of bacterial transformation, whereby a bacterium distinctly changes its form and function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sepsis</span> Life-threatening response to infection

Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.

<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Species of bacterium

Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic member of the genus Streptococcus. S. pneumoniae cells are usually found in pairs (diplococci) and do not form spores and are non motile. As a significant human pathogenic bacterium S. pneumoniae was recognized as a major cause of pneumonia in the late 19th century, and is the subject of many humoral immunity studies.

Asplenia refers to the absence of normal spleen function and is associated with some serious infection risks. Hyposplenism is used to describe reduced ('hypo-') splenic functioning, but not as severely affected as with asplenism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine</span> Tropical medicine teaching and research institution

The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) is a post-graduate teaching and research institution based in Liverpool, England, established in 1898. It was the first institution in the world dedicated to the study of tropical medicine. LSTM conducts research in areas such as malaria and insect-borne diseases and operates as a higher education institution with degree-awarding powers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine</span> Pneumonia vaccine

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, sold under the brand name Pneumovax 23, is a pneumococcal vaccine that is used for the prevention of pneumococcal disease caused by the 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae contained in the vaccine as capsular polysaccharides. It is given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piperacillin/tazobactam</span> Combination antibiotic medication

Piperacillin/tazobactam, sold under the brand name Tazocin among others, is a combination medication containing the antibiotic piperacillin and the β-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam. The combination has activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is used to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, intra-abdominal infection, pneumonia, cellulitis, and sepsis. It is given by injection into a vein.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine</span> Vaccine against Strep pneumoniae

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is a pneumococcal vaccine made with the conjugate vaccine method and used to protect infants, young children, and adults against disease caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). It contains purified capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcal serotypes conjugated to a carrier protein to improve antibody response compared to the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of the conjugate vaccine in routine immunizations given to children.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pneumococcal vaccine</span> Vaccine to prevent infection by the bacteria Stretococcus pneumoniae

Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Their use can prevent some cases of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. There are two types of pneumococcal vaccines: conjugate vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines. They are given by injection either into a muscle or just under the skin.

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) is a global initiative to bring together professional organizations in reducing mortality from sepsis. The purpose of the SSC is to create an international collaborative effort to improve the treatment of sepsis and reduce the high mortality rate associated with the condition. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement have teamed up to achieve a 25 percent reduction in sepsis mortality by 2009. The guidelines were updated in 2016 and again in 2021.

Pneumococcal infection is an infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicola Rollock</span> British academic, activist and writer

Nicola Rollock is a British academic, writer and activist. She is professor of social policy and race at King's College London, having previously been reader in equality and education at Goldsmiths College, University of London, and has written several books, including The Colour of Class: The educational strategies of the Black middle classes (2014). She has been included in the Powerlist of the most influential black Britons and has received the PRECIOUS award for her work in racial equality.

Shiranee Sriskandan is a British academic who is Professor of Infectious Diseases at Imperial College London and Honorary Consultant at Hammersmith Hospital. Her research considers how Gram-positive bacteria cause disease, with a particular focus on the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes.

Allison Joan McGeer is a Canadian infectious disease specialist in the Sinai Health System, and a professor in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto. She also appointed at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health and a Senior Clinician Scientist at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, and is a partner of the National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases. McGeer has led investigations into the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Toronto and worked alongside Donald Low. During the COVID-19 pandemic, McGeer has studied how SARS-CoV-2 survives in the air and has served on several provincial committees advising aspects of the Government of Ontario's pandemic response.

Alison Helen Holmes is a British infectious diseases specialist, who is a professor at Imperial College London and the University of Liverpool. Holmes serves as Director of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance and Consultant at Hammersmith Hospital. Holmes is on the Executive Committee of the International Society of Infectious Diseases, and she serves on a variety of World Health Organization (WHO) expert groups related to antimicrobial use, Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), infection prevention and sepsis. Her research considers how to mitigate antimicrobial resistance.

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Shabir Ahmed Madhi, is a South African physician who is professor of vaccinology and director of the South African Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit at the University of the Witwatersrand, and National Research Foundation/Department of Science and Technology Research Chair in Vaccine Preventable Diseases. In January 2021, he was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand.

Debby Bogaert is a Dutch physician who is Professor of Paediatric Infectious Diseases at the University of Edinburgh. Her research considers the physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory infections.

References

  1. ↑ "Aberdeen graduation". HeraldScotland. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  2. ↑ "Enitan Carrol - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  3. ↑ "Enitan D. Carrol". European Society for the Translational Medicine (EUSTM). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  4. ↑ "Enitan Carrol - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  5. 1 2 "DETECT study". Health Research Authority. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  6. ↑ Weiss, Scott L.; Peters, Mark J.; Alhazzani, Waleed; Agus, Michael S. D.; Flori, Heidi R.; Inwald, David P.; Nadel, Simon; Schlapbach, Luregn J.; Tasker, Robert C.; Argent, Andrew C.; Brierley, Joe (2020-02-01). "Executive summary: surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children". Intensive Care Medicine. 46 (1): 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05877-7 . ISSN   1432-1238. PMID   32030528. S2CID   211048766.
  7. 1 2 "£2m trial seeks to inform better use of antibiotics in sepsis". Liverpool Health Partners. 2019-11-11. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  8. ↑ "PRONTO". Cardiff University. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  9. 1 2 "Rapid test could diagnose serious conditions within two hours - University of Liverpool News". News. 2020-01-20. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  10. ↑ "Stories - Institute of Infection and Global Health - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  11. 1 2 "We Urgently Need More Black Female Professors In UK Universities". British Vogue. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  12. ↑ "Britain's black female professors celebrated in new exhibition". University Business. 2020-03-09. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  13. ↑ "Portraits of Black Female Professors". BBC News. 2020-03-09. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
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