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Cesare Lombroso was an Italian eugenicist, criminologist, phrenologist, physician, and founder of the Italian school of criminology. He is considered the founder of modern criminal anthropology by changing the Western notions of individual responsibility.
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The Italian school of criminology was founded at the end of the 19th century by Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) and two of his Italian disciples, Enrico Ferri (1856–1929) and Raffaele Garofalo (1851–1934).
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Gina Elena Zefora Lombroso was an Italian physician, writer, psychiatrist, and criminologist, best remembered for her uncredited writings on the subjects of criminology and psychiatry co-authored with her father Cesare Lombroso, her individual writings on the female condition and industrialisation. She was the wife of Italian historian and writer Guglielmo Ferrero (1871–1942) and hence adopted the surname Ferrero-Lombroso. Their son Leo Ferrero (1903–1933), a writer and playwright, died in a car accident in Santa Fe (USA). All three are buried at the Cimetière des Rois in Geneva, Switzerland.
Verbrechen und Wahnsinn beim Weibe mit Ausblicken auf die Criminal-Anthropologie überhaupt: klinisch-statistische, anthropologisch-biologische und craniologische Untersuchungen is the first book written by Dr. med Paul Näcke (1851-1913), which was published in 1894. The author aims to fill the gaps present at the time into the research of mentally ill and criminal women based on his own psychiatric observations in the psychiatric institution Hubertusburg, making it unlike literature already available in the era. With his work Näcke goes against the predominant notion of the time that criminals are born, which was based in the positivist school movement at the time and initiated by the "father of criminology": Cesare Lombroso. The main ideas Näcke proposes in his work are that criminals who are insane at time of crime should not be punished as harshly and one should view criminals not solely as objects under the penalty of law but also as subjects who could potentially suffer from mental diseases.
Das Verbrechen als soziale Erscheinung; Grundzüge der Kriminal-Sociologie was written by Enrico Ferri and originally published in 1884, but has undergone several revisions since then. It deals with Ferri's perspective on criminal sociology and problems of penology. The book is known as Ferri's most important work and represents the positive school of criminology.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bianchi, Augusto Guido; Ferrero, Guglielmo; Sighele, Scipio (1893). Il mondo criminale italiano (in Italian). L.O. Zorini.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Srebnick, Amy Gilman, ed. (2006). Crime and culture: an historical perspective. Advances in criminology (Reprint ed.). Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-2383-0.
- ↑ Gibson, Mary (2000). Prostitution and the State in Italy, 1860-1915. Ohio State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8142-5048-8.
- ↑ Lombroso, Cesare; Ferrero, Guglielmo; Rafter, Nicole Hahn; Gibson, Mary; Lombroso, Cesare (2004). Criminal woman, the prostitute, and the normal woman. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-3246-6.