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 Estonia |  Pakistan |
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Estonia and Pakistan established diplomatic relations, marking the beginning of a bilateral relationship in 1993 that has gradually expanded over the years. Pakistan is accredited to Estonia through its embassy in Warsaw, Poland. [1] [2]
A significant aspect of the Estonia-Pakistan relationship is the regular conduct of Bilateral Political Consultations (BPC). The Fourth Round of these consultations was held on July 10, 2024, in Islamabad. This round was led by Additional Foreign Secretary (Europe) Ambassador Shafqat Ali Khan from Pakistan and director general of the Department of Asia, the Pacific, Middle East, and Africa, Ambassador Kristi Karelsohn, from Estonia. [3]
During these consultations, both sides expressed satisfaction with the trajectory of bilateral relations and reaffirmed their commitment to enhance bilateral engagement and dialogue. Key areas of discussion included trade and economy, information and digital technology, and education. The consultations also covered regional and global developments of mutual concern, with an agreement to consult closely on issues of mutual interest at various multilateral forums. [4] [5] [6] [3]
The economic relationship between Estonia and Pakistan is characterized by modest but growing trade.
In 2023, Pakistan's exports to Estonia totaled US$13.37 million. The main export categories included:
Educational and cultural exchanges have been highlighted as crucial for fostering deeper understanding and cooperation between the two nations. During the Fourth Round of Bilateral Political Consultations, there was an emphasis on enhancing people-to-people contacts, particularly between the academic and research communities of Pakistan and Estonia. The Centre for Strategic Perspectives at the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI) organized a roundtable discussion with the visiting Estonian delegation, which underscored the importance of these exchanges. [5]
Trade Development Authority of Pakistan participated in 'Big in Asia' held by Enterprise Estonia to boost the trade and cultural ties between Pakistan and Estonia. [8]
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan emerged as an independent country through the partition of India in August 1947 and was admitted as a United Nations member state in September 1947. It is currently the second-largest country within the Muslim world in terms of population, and is also the only Muslim-majority country in possession of nuclear weapons. De facto, the country shares direct land borders with India, Iran, Afghanistan, and China.
The Soviet Union and Pakistan first established the diplomatic and bilateral relations on 1 May 1948.
Nepal–Pakistan relations refer to the bilateral relations between Nepal and Pakistan, both Himalayan states located in the Indian subcontinent. After the Partition of British India in August 1947, Nepal moved to establish diplomatic relations with the Dominion of India, but did not do so with the Dominion of Pakistan. Official diplomatic ties did not exist between the two states until initial steps were taken on 29 March 1960; these relations were then fully established in 1962 and 1963. Both nations have since sought to expand their bilateral trade, strategic and military cooperation. In 1972, following Pakistan's defeat in the Bangladesh Liberation War and the secession of East Pakistan as the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Nepal recognized the latter's independence. Pakistan severed ties with Nepal shortly afterwards, but these were later re-established.
Pakistan–Turkey relations are the bilateral relations between Pakistan and Turkey. Pakistan has an embassy in Ankara, a Consulate-General in Istanbul and an honorary consulate in İzmir whereas, Turkey has an embassy in Islamabad, a Consulate-General in Karachi and Lahore and honorary consulates in Peshawar, Sialkot and Faisalabad. As of 2016, in a joint communique, Pakistan and Turkey plan to strengthen their close ties into a strategic partnership.
India–Saudi Arabia relations, also referred to as Indian-Saudi relations or Indo-Saudi relations, are the bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Relations between the two nations are generally strong and close, especially in commercial interests. Indo-Saudi bilateral trade reached US$27.48 billion in the financial year 2017–18, up from US$25.1 billion in the preceding year. Saudi Arabia's exports to India stood at US$22.06 billion whereas India's exports were US$5.41 billion.
Pakistan–Sri Lanka relations refer to bilateral relations between Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Both countries are located in South Asia. The earliest proper diplomatic and trade contacts between Pakistan and Sri Lanka date back as early as 1948. In 2013, the then prime minister Nawaz Sharif said that there were strong bonds of friendship between the two countries.
Foreign relations between Argentina and Pakistan, have existed for half a century. The relationship has recently grown with important trade ties developing along with other inter-government communications. Pakistan has an embassy in the Buenos Aires, as does Argentina in Islamabad.
Germany–Pakistan relations are the bilateral relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The two states have established diplomatic relations in the 1950s, with a focus on social, educational and economic development. Despite strong co-operation and historical ties, the two nations have experienced growing tensions, primarily due to disagreements and differing policies regarding the War in Afghanistan, including as the post-2014 drawdown and 2021 withdrawal of United States-led coalition troops. However, Germany remains one of Pakistan's largest trading partners.
Pakistan-Vietnam relations, or Pakistani-Vietnamese relations, refers to the bilateral relationship between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The relationship is largely based on mutual trade and international political cooperation between the two countries. Pakistan is represented in Vietnam by its embassy in Hanoi, and Vietnam also maintains an embassy in Islamabad. During the Cold War, Pakistan maintained close ties with the United States-led Western Bloc to counter rival India's allegiance with the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the United States was involved in the Vietnam War against Soviet-backed North Vietnam while in the same time period, Pakistan had engaged in two major wars with neighbouring India in 1965 and 1971, the latter of which resulted in a devastating defeat for Pakistan and saw the emergence of an independent Bangladesh. Due to the fact that Pakistan was an ally with the United States and had begun to indirectly wage war against the Soviets in Afghanistan with heavy U.S.−backing, relations became strained between the two, with Pakistan closing its diplomatic mission in Vietnam in 1980 and Vietnam doing the same in 1984. However, relations greatly improved in the 2000s, and Pakistan reopened its embassy in Hanoi in October 2000. Vietnam also reopened its embassy in Islamabad and trade office in Karachi in December and November 2005, respectively. Relations between the two countries have continued to remain friendly, with Vietnam expressing an interest in increased economic and military cooperation with Pakistan. The heads of both nations have in recent times paid official visits to each other, with Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf visiting Vietnam in May 2001 and Vietnamese President Trần Đức Lương also paying an official visit to Pakistan in March 2004. Throughout the following decade, several visits were made by various Vietnamese and Pakistani ministries to each other. A major part of Pakistan's pursuit to enhance its relationship with Vietnam is outlined in Pakistan's "Vision East Asia" strategy. The emergence of such a strategy came as a result of Pakistan's desire to balance its relations with Vietnam and other East Asian / Southeast Asian states by making an effort to circumvent Pakistan's close relationship with China and Vietnam's growing relationship with India—the former being a cause of concern for Vietnam due to its tense relationship with China and the latter being a cause of concern for Pakistan due to its rivalry and history of armed conflict with India.
Pakistan–Sudan relations are the bilateral relations between Pakistan and Sudan. Both countries share the same religion as well as historical baggage of colonial rule. Both countries are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Like Minded Group, Non-Aligned Movement and Group of 77. Pakistan has an embassy in Khartoum. Sudan has an embassy in Islamabad.
Pakistan–France relations are the bilateral, cultural, and international relations between Pakistan and France. The relationships are based on military, defence, cultural, educational cooperation, and economic ties. Trade between the two countries is generally increasing with time.
Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations refer to bilaterial relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan has an embassy in Baku and Azerbaijan has an embassy in Islamabad. Both countries are enhancing contact between their respective capitals. The two nations are considered "strategic partners".
Maldives–Pakistan relations are the foreign relations between Pakistan and the Maldives.
Nigeria–Pakistan relations are the bilateral relations between Pakistan and Nigeria. Pakistan maintains a High Commission in Abuja, while Nigeria also operates a High Commission in Islamabad as well as a consulate-general in Karachi. The Government of Pakistan plans to open a trade mission agency in Lagos and the Government of Nigeria is also expected to open its trade mission agency in Karachi. The two states have maintained a close relationship, which was described by the Defence Minister of Nigeria as "friendly" and like a "family tie".
Jordan–Pakistan relations are the bilateral relations embedded between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Pakistan maintains an embassy in Amman whilst Jordan has an embassy in Islamabad.
Pakistan–South Korea relations refers to bilateral diplomatic relationship between Pakistan and South Korea. Since the 1980s, the relations between the two Asian states have improved and periodically enhanced. Pakistan has an embassy in Seoul, South Korea, and South Korea has an embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan. Pakistan is one of the few countries that have good relations with both North Korea and South Korea.
The China–Pakistan Free Trade Agreement(CPFTA) is a free trade agreement (FTA) between the People's Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan that seeks to increase trade and strengthen the partnership between the two countries.
Pakistan–South Africa relations refers to the current and historical relationship between the Republic of South Africa and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Both are former British colonies and full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Myanmar–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Myanmar and Pakistan. Myanmar and Pakistan maintain diplomatic and trade relations.
The nations of Mexico and Pakistan established diplomatic relations in 1955. Both nations are members of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
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