Gaetano Salvemini was an Italian socialist and anti-fascist politician,historian,and writer. Born in a family of modest means,he became an acclaimed historian both in Italy and abroad,particularly in the United States,after he was forced into exile by Benito Mussolini's Italian fascist regime.
Giovanni Giolitti was an Italian statesman. He was the Prime Minister of Italy five times between 1892 and 1921. He is the longest-serving democratically elected Prime Minister in Italian history,and the second-longest serving overall after Benito Mussolini. A prominent leader of the Historical Left and the Liberal Union,he is widely considered one of the most powerful and important politicians in Italian history;due to his dominant position in Italian politics,Giolitti was accused by critics of being an authoritarian leader and a parliamentary dictator.
The March on Rome was an organized mass demonstration and a coup d'état in October 1922 which resulted in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party (PNF) ascending to power in the Kingdom of Italy. In late October 1922,Fascist Party leaders planned an insurrection to take place by marching on the capital. On 28 October,the fascist demonstrators and Blackshirt paramilitaries approached Rome;Prime Minister Luigi Facta wished to declare a state of siege,but this was overruled by King Victor Emmanuel III,who,fearing bloodshed,persuaded Facta to resign by threatening to abdicate. On 30 October 1922,the King appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister,thereby transferring political power to the fascists without armed conflict. On 31 October the fascist Blackshirts paraded in Rome,while Mussolini formed his coalition government.
This article covers the history of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars. The Kingdom of Italy was a state that existed from 17 March 1861,when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy,until 2 June 1946,when civil discontent led to an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic. The state resulted from a decades-long process,the Risorgimento,of consolidating the different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state. That process was influenced by the Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia,which can be considered Italy's legal predecessor state.
Giovanni Amendola was an Italian journalist,professor,and politician. He is noted as an opponent of Italian fascism.
Filippo Turati was an Italian sociologist,criminologist,poet and socialist politician.
The Fasci Italiani di Combattimento was an Italian fascist organisation created by Benito Mussolini in 1919. It was the successor of the Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria,being notably further right than its predecessor. The Fasci Italiani di Combattimento was reorganised into the National Fascist Party in 1921.
The Kingdom of Italy was a state that existed from 17 March 1861,when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy,until 12 June 1946,when the monarchy was abolished,following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946 which resulted in a modern Italian Republic. The kingdom was established through the unification of several states over a decades-long process,called the Risorgimento. That process was influenced by the Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia,which can be considered Italy's legal predecessor state.
Francesco de Martino was an Italian jurist,politician,lifetime senator (1991–2002) and former Vice President of the Council of Ministers. He was considered by many to be the conscience of the Italian Socialist Party.
Tom Behan was born from Irish parents. He was an academic and writer on Italian history,politics and culture.
Napoleone Colajanni was an Italian writer,journalist,criminologist,socialist,and politician. In the 1880s,he abandoned republicanism for socialism,and became Italy's leading theoretical writer on the issue for a time. He has been called the father of Sicilian socialism. Due to the Italian Socialist Party's discourse of Marxist class struggle,he reverted in 1894 to his original republicanism and joined the Italian Republican Party. Colajanni was an ardent critic of the Lombrosian school in criminology. In 1890,he was elected in the national Chamber of Deputies and was re-elected in all subsequent parliaments until his death in September 1921.
Propaganda in Fascist Italy was used by the National Fascist Party in the years leading up to and during Benito Mussolini's leadership of the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 to 1943,and was a crucial instrument for acquiring and maintaining power and the implementation of Fascist policies.
Events from the year 1922 in Italy. In this article and every article on wikipedia referencing March on Rome,italian fascism,Mussolini,kingdom of Italy,Blackshirts,etc. the date is given as 1922 rather than 1932. Britannica.com also uses 1922.
Events from the year 1892 in Italy.
Events from the year 1901 in Italy.
Events from the year 1909 in Italy.
Events from the year 1912 in Italy.
Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini survived several assassination attempts while head of government of Italy in the 1920s and 1930s.
Pietro Fedele was an Italian historian and Fascist politician who served as Minister of Public Education of the Kingdom of Italy from 1925 to 1928.
Attilio Di Napoli was an Italian politician,leader of the Italian Socialist Party in Lucania in the early 20th century. He was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies in the early 1920s,and after being persecuted under the Fascist regime,he became Minister of Industry,Commerce and Labour of the Badoglio II Cabinet.
