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Ethical consumerism is a type of consumer activism based on the concept of dollar voting. People practice it by buying ethically made products that support small-scale manufacturers or local artisans and protect animals and the environment,while boycotting products that exploit children as workers,are tested on animals,or damage the environment.
Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals,groups,or organisations and all the activities associated with the purchase,use and disposal of goods and services. Consumer behaviour consists of how the consumer's emotions,attitudes,and preferences affect buying behaviour. Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940–1950s as a distinct sub-discipline of marketing,but has become an interdisciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology,sociology,social anthropology,anthropology,ethnography,ethnology,marketing,and economics.
In marketing,brand loyalty describes a consumer's positive feelings towards a brand and their dedication to purchasing the brand's products and/or services repeatedly regardless of deficiencies,a competitor's actions,or changes in the environment. It can also be demonstrated with other behaviors such as positive word-of-mouth advocacy. Corporate brand loyalty is where an individual buys products from the same manufacturer repeatedly and without wavering,rather than from other suppliers. Loyalty implies dedication and should not be confused with habit,its less-than-emotional engagement and commitment. Businesses whose financial and ethical values rest in large part on their brand loyalty are said to use the loyalty business model.
Geoffrey Franklin Miller is an American evolutionary psychologist,author,and associate professor of psychology at the University of New Mexico. He is known for his research on sexual selection in human evolution.
The theory of reasoned action aims to explain the relationship between attitudes and behaviors within human action. It is mainly used to predict how individuals will behave based on their pre-existing attitudes and behavioral intentions. An individual's decision to engage in a particular behavior is based on the outcomes the individual expects will come as a result of performing the behavior. Developed by Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen in 1967,the theory derived from previous research in social psychology,persuasion models,and attitude theories. Fishbein's theories suggested a relationship between attitude and behaviors. However,critics estimated that attitude theories were not proving to be good indicators of human behavior. The TRA was later revised and expanded by the two theorists in the following decades to overcome any discrepancies in the A–B relationship with the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and reasoned action approach (RAA). The theory is also used in communication discourse as a theory of understanding.
A lifestyle brand is a brand that attempts to embody the values,aspirations,interests,attitudes,or opinions of a group or a culture for marketing purposes. Lifestyle brands seek to inspire,guide,and motivate people,with the goal of making their products contribute to the definition of the consumer's way of life. As such,they are closely associated with the advertising and other promotions used to gain mind share in their target market. They often operate from an ideology,hoping to attract a relatively high number of people and ultimately become a recognised social phenomenon.
Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy which uses a celebrity's fame or social status to promote a product,brand or service,or to raise awareness about an issue. Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive image of the celebrity endorser will be passed on to the product's or brand's image. Non-profit organizations also use celebrities since a celebrity's frequent mass media coverage reaches a wider audience,thus making celebrities an effective ingredient in fundraising.
A brand community is a concept in marketing and consumer research which postulates that human beings form communities on the basis of attachment to a brand or marque. A brand community refers to structured social relationships in which participants share admiration and connection of a brand that they experience through shared rituals,traditions and a sense of responsibility towards other members. The term often refers to the intersection between brand,individual identity and culture.
Brian Wansink is an American former professor and researcher who worked in consumer behavior and marketing research. He was the executive director of the USDA's Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) from 2007 to 2009 and held the John S. Dyson Endowed Chair in the Applied Economics and Management Department at Cornell University,where he directed the Cornell Food and Brand Lab.
Ethical marketing refers to the application of marketing ethics into the marketing process. Briefly,marketing ethics refers to the philosophical examination,from a moral standpoint,of particular marketing issues that are matters of moral judgment. Ethical marketing generally results in a more socially responsible and culturally sensitive business community. The establishment of marketing ethics has the potential to benefit society as a whole,both in the short- and long-term. Ethical marketing should be part of business ethics in the sense that marketing forms a significant part of any business model. Study of Ethical marketing should be included in applied ethics and involves examination of whether or not an honest and factual representation of a product or service has been delivered in a framework of cultural and social values.
Influencer marketing is a form of social media marketing involving endorsements and product placement from influencers,people and organizations who have a purported expert level of knowledge or social influence in their field. Influencers are someone with the power to affect the buying habits or quantifiable actions of others by uploading some form of original—often sponsored—content to social media platforms like Instagram,YouTube,Snapchat,TikTok or other online channels. Influencer marketing is when a brand enrolls influencers who have an established credibility and audience on social media platforms to discuss or mention the brand in a social media post. Influencer content may be framed as testimonial advertising.
Food marketing is the marketing of food products. It brings together the food producer and the consumer through a chain of marketing activities.
Herd behavior is the behavior of individuals in a group acting collectively without centralized direction. Herd behavior occurs in animals in herds,packs,bird flocks,fish schools and so on,as well as in humans. Voting,demonstrations,riots,general strikes,sporting events,religious gatherings,everyday decision-making,judgement and opinion-forming,are all forms of human-based herd behavior.
Consumer neuroscience is the combination of consumer research with modern neuroscience. The goal of the field is to find neural explanations for consumer behaviors in individuals both with or without disease.
Word-of-mouth marketing is the communication between consumers about a product,service,or company in which the sources are considered independent of direct commercial influence that has been actively influenced or encouraged as a marketing effort. While it is difficult to truly control word of mouth communication,there are three generic avenues to 'manage' word of mouth communication for the purpose of word-of-mouth marketing,including:
Sustainable consumer behavior is the sub-discipline of consumer behavior that studies why and how consumers do or do not incorporate sustainability priorities into their consumption behavior. It studies the products that consumers select,how those products are used,and how they are disposed of in pursuit of consumers' sustainability goals.
Markus Giesler is a consumer sociologist and Professor of Marketing at the Schulich School of Business at York University. His research examines how ideas and things such as products,services,experiences,technologies,brands,and intellectual property acquire value over time,technology consumption,moral consumption,and the role of multiple stakeholders in the market creation process. Before doing his PhD in marketing,Giesler spent ten years operating his own record label and recording business in Germany. In 2014,he was named "one of the most outstanding business school professors under 40 in the world." Giesler is also the creator of the "Big Design" blog,which develops a sociological perspective on marketing,market creation,and customer experience design.
Lynn R. Kahle is an American consumer psychologist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Oregon's Lundquist College of Business. From 2018 to 2020 he taught at the Lubin School of Business,Pace University in New York as a visiting scholar and professor.
Hean Tat Keh is a professor and chair of the Department of Marketing at the Monash University Faculty of Business and Economics. He is known for his work on services marketing,consumer behavior,brand management,and marketing strategy. In particular,his research on services marketing addresses the limitations of the concepts of service inseparability and service intangibility. Keh has also published on the antecedents and consequences of brand equity. More recently,he has conducted research on sustainable marketing and healthcare marketing. His works have been cited over 10,200 times according to Google Scholar,with an H-index of 41.
Online brand defense is a concept in consumer behavior. It refers to the situation where a consumer defends a brand against criticisms on online platforms. The reason why a consumer does this varies. It might be due to attachment to the brand. It could also be due to belief in the brand's high product quality leading to the perception that the criticisms are unjustified.
References
- ↑ "Eugene Chan". Eugene Chan. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
- ↑ "Eugene Chan". Eugene Chan. West Lafayette, IN. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
- ↑ Chan, Eugene Y.; Ilicic, Jasmina (2019-12-01). "Political ideology and brand attachment". International Journal of Research in Marketing. 36 (4): 630–646. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2019.04.001. ISSN 0167-8116.
- ↑ "Eugene Chan – Hospitality & Tourism Management – Purdue University". www.purdue.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-30.
- ↑ Wang, Eugene Y. Chan | Liangyan (September 23, 2022). "Preventing obesity starts in the grocery aisle with food packaging". inquirer.com.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Rodriguez, Jeremiah (April 17, 2019). "You can feel a coffee buzz without actually drinking it: study". CTVNews.
- ↑ "Get the Coffee Buzz Without Drinking Coffee!" – via www.youtube.com.
- ↑ "Just seeing reminders of coffee can stimulate the brain". ScienceDaily.
- ↑ Meyer, Zlati. "If you're a straight man, hot guys equal more $ risks". Detroit Free Press.
- ↑ Chan, Eugene Y. (November 16, 2020). "Pro-mask or anti-mask? Your moral beliefs probably predict your stance". The Conversation.
- ↑ "Monash Business School's Department of Marketing shines at 2018 ANZMAC awards". Monash Business School. December 11, 2018.
- ↑ "ANZMAC - Awards". anzmac.wildapricot.org. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
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