Exeter City Fire Brigade

Last updated

Exeter City Fire Brigade
Exeter Fire Brigade Cap Badge.png
Cap badge of the Exeter City Fire Brigade
Operational area
CountryEngland
County borough Exeter
Agency overview
Established1 March 1888 (1888-03-01)
Dissolved1974 (1974)
Chief Fire Officer William Pett (1888–1927)
F Richards (1927–1940)
HGP Coles (1940–1941)
SF Willey (1948–1967)
DG Varnfield (1967–1974)
Motto Semper Fidelis (Always faithful)
Facilities and equipment
Stations 1

The Exeter City Fire Brigade was the first municipal fire brigade in Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom. The brigade was formed in 1888, on the recommendation of Captain Sir Eyre Shaw, the Chief Officer of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade (now renamed the London Fire Brigade), who conducted a parliamentary inquiry into the Exeter Theatre Royal fire during which 186 people died, making it still the worst-ever building fire death toll in the UK.

Contents

The brigade continued until merged with the Devon Fire Brigade in 1974, which was itself later merged into the Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service in 2007.

History

Exeter Theatre Royal fire

The Exeter Theatre Royal fire, with firefighters from the West of England Insurance brigade trying to fight the fire Exeter Theatre Royal Fire 1887.jpg
The Exeter Theatre Royal fire, with firefighters from the West of England Insurance brigade trying to fight the fire

On 5 September 1887, a fire broke out at the Theatre Royal, Exeter during a performance. The fire spread quickly, and caused panic and crushing amongst the audience, particularly those in the gallery – the highest level in the theatre – and design shortcomings in the building meant that they did not have sufficient escape routes.

The theatre employed a fireman, who was unable to stop the flames. The fire brigade of the West of England Insurance Co was based only 100 yards (91 m) from the theatre, [1] and they responded about 5 minutes after the blaze started with their "Little West" fire engine, joined by a wheeled ladder from the Guildhall shortly afterwards. [2]

The fire brigade of the West of England Insurance Co was based only 100 yards (91 m) from the theatre, [1] and they responded about 5 minutes after the blaze started with their "Little West" fire engine, joined by a wheeled ladder from the Guildhall shortly afterwards. [2] Unfortunately, despite their efforts, assisted by police and military, they were beaten back by the flames, and were not able to rescue all of the victims before they were reached by the flames and smoke.

Formation

The government tasked Captain Sir Eyre Shaw, the Chief Officer of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade (now renamed the London Fire Brigade) to conduct a parliamentary inquiry and report back.

Whilst he was completing this work, Exeter City Council asked Captain Shaw to make recommendations for fire fighting in the city.

Shaw's recommendation was the formation of a city fire brigade for Exeter, and following a conference between Shaw and the Council on 21 September, [3] his formal proposal was put forward on 28 September 1887, recommending the Chief Constable of Exeter Police be put in charge. [1]

On 28 October, the police Chief Constable, Captain Edward Shower presented his list of a equipment and staff for the new brigade to the council, but turned down the position of supervising the service. [1] The council advertised the position, and appointed Mr William Pett of Sevenoaks, who had worked his way up from messenger-boy to engineer (senior officer) of the Sevenoaks Fire Brigade. [4] [5]

By 20 February 1888, interviews had been conducted and equipment procured. 42 people had applied to be members of the new fire service, with the council instructing 18 of them to be hired, up from an initial number of 12. [6] [7]

Both the West of England Insurance Company and the other insurance company brigade operating in Exeter, the Sun Insurance company, had donated their fire engines and equipment to the new brigade. [1]

The new brigade took over the West of England Insurance fire station on an initial seven year lease, [6] close to the ruined theatre, on New North Road, a couple of hundred metres from where the John Lewis department store now stands, towards Exeter Prison. The brigade became operational on 1 March 1888. [1] The council significantly refitted the fire station, including fitting it with a telephone connected to the Exeter Guildhall, the messenger's house, and the Exeter water works. [8]

In addition to improvements at the fire station, the council installed 20 fire call points around the city, [1] [9] as well as ensuring that hydrants were provided at key locations. [8]

Move to motor vehicles

All of the initial capability of the brigade was based on horse-drawn carriages. This did not always make for a fast response. In 1902, the brigade was mobilised to a conflagration in Sidmouth, which the local brigade was unable to control, but due to the limitations of horse-drawn vehicles, did not arrive until 10 and a half hours after they were called. [1]

In 1914, the brigade bought its first petrol-engined vehicle, built by Merryweather and Sons, and named "The Exonia". [10] The new motor engine had its first call out within days of arriving and being christened by the Mayoress. [11] Importantly, the new engine had a top speed of 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) on the flat, and was capable of climbing a 1 in 6 grade, fully loaded. [12]

New fire station

The 1931 Exeter Fire Brigade Station at Howell Road, taken in 2006 prior to demolition in 2008 Exeter fire station - geograph.org.uk - 233678.jpg
The 1931 Exeter Fire Brigade Station at Howell Road, taken in 2006 prior to demolition in 2008

By 1931, the New North Road site had become far too small for the brigade, with equipment having to be stored at Northernhay, drill being conducted off-site due to lack of space, insufficient space for the chief officer's house, and the on-duty firefighters having to be accommodated off-site, which increased the time to assembling them in an emergency. [13]

At the same time, St John Ambulance were providing the medical service for the borough, and were based from the police station, but with the space used for ambulances earmarked to be used for police motor patrol vehicles. As such, the council agreed to the building of a new combined fire and ambulance station at Danes Castle, adjacent to the city's covered water reservoir. [13]

The foundation stone was laid on 25 November 1931 at the site on Howell Road, by Mayor HW Michelmore on what had been filter beds for the water works. [14] The work was completed by a Wolverhampton contractor, at the cost of £11,894, plus £2,752 for ground works. [15]

The new station opened on 25 July 1932, with accommodation for a permanent staff of eight, and with two modern fire appliances, capable of pumping 50 gallons a minute. A member of the public was struck by a falling hose during the opening ceremony and injured, needing hospital treatment. [16]

World war two

In preparation for World War Two, Exeter was allocated 10 emergency pumps by the Home Office. [1]

Effective from August 1941, all regional brigades were amalgamated under the National Fire Service, including the Exeter brigade. [1]

During the Blitz large temporary water tanks were placed around the city as firefighting preparation, including the central garden of Southernhay, and the moat of Rougemont Castle. [1]

The most severe firefighting test was on 4 May 1942, when large parts of the city were destroyed, mostly by fire rather than the initial explosions. Firefighting resources were brought to the city from as far away as Reading, with 195 pumps and 1,080 personnel drafted in, and it wasn't until the 7 May that the fires were all under control and the reinforcements could be stood down. [1]

The Exeter Brigade was part of this national service until the Fire Services Act 1947 came into effect in 1948. The number of brigades created by the act was far fewer than had amalgamated, with only one fire service per county or county borough. Exeter was reconstituted as an independent service from Devon, as Exeter was still a county borough.

Absorption into Devon Fire Brigade

County boroughs were abolished by the Local Government Act 1972, and with this, Exeter was merged with Devon Fire Brigade and Plymouth Fire Brigade to form the Devon Fire Brigade in 1973. [17]

A further merger occurred between neighbouring brigades, with Devon joining Somerset in the Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service in 2007. [18]

Deaths in the line of service

Exeter City Fire Brigade lost one firefighter in the course of duty, when during January 1926, Fireman Seage was overcome by fumes whilst fighting a fire at the Exeter Gas, Light and Coke Company's coke dump, which had been burning for several days. The firemen had been working in shifts to stop the fire from spreading, when Seage was found unconscious, and two other firefighters suffered ill effects but recovered. [19] [20]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Axminster</span> Town in Devon, England

Axminster is a market town and civil parish on the eastern border of the county of Devon in England. It is 28 miles (45 km) from the county town of Exeter. The town is built on a hill overlooking the River Axe which heads towards the English Channel at Axmouth, and is in the East Devon local government district. At the 2001 census, it had a population of 5,626, increasing to 5,761 at the 2011 census. The town contains two electoral wards whose combined population is 7,110. The market is still held every Thursday.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fire department</span> Organization that provides firefighting services

A fire department or fire brigade, also known as a fire company, fire authority, fire district, fire and rescue, or fire service in some areas, is an organization that provides fire prevention and fire suppression services as well as other rescue services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chard, Somerset</span> Town in Somerset, England

Chard is a town and a civil parish in the English county of Somerset. It lies on the A30 road near the Devon and Dorset borders, 15 miles (24 km) south west of Yeovil. The parish has a population of approximately 14,000 and, at an elevation of 121 metres (397 ft), Chard is the southernmost and one of the highest towns in Somerset. Administratively Chard forms part of the district of South Somerset.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Totnes railway station</span> Railway station in Devon, England

Totnes railway station serves the town of Totnes in Devon, England. It was opened by the South Devon Railway Company in 1847. Situated on the Exeter to Plymouth Line, it is located 222 miles 66 chains down the line from London Paddington via Box.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">London Fire Brigade</span> Fire and Rescue service in London

The London Fire Brigade (LFB) is the fire and rescue service for London, the capital of the United Kingdom. It was formed by the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act 1865, under the leadership of superintendent Eyre Massey Shaw. It has 5,992 staff, including 5,096 operational firefighters and officers based at 102 fire stations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bridgwater railway station</span> Railway station in Somerset, England

Bridgwater railway station serves the town of Bridgwater in Somerset, England. It is on the Bristol to Taunton Line and is operated by Great Western Railway. It is 151 miles 47 chains from the zero point at London Paddington via Box.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eyre Massey Shaw</span> British firefighter (1828–1908)

Captain Sir Eyre Massey Shaw KCB was the first Chief Officer of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade, and the Superintendent of its predecessor, the London Fire Engine Establishment, from 1861 to 1891. He introduced modern firefighting methods to the Brigade, and increased the number of stations. Prior to entering firefighting, Shaw was in the British Army, followed by a spell as Chief Constable of Belfast Borough Police.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bristol and Exeter Railway</span> Former English railway company

The Bristol and Exeter Railway (B&ER) was an English railway company formed to connect Bristol and Exeter. It was built on the broad gauge and its engineer was Isambard Kingdom Brunel. It opened in stages between 1841 and 1844. It was allied with the Great Western Railway (GWR), which built its main line between London and Bristol, and in time formed part of a through route between London and Cornwall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of firefighting</span> Civic fire extinguishing over the ages

The history of organized firefighting began in ancient Rome while under the rule of the first Roman Emperor Augustus. Prior to that, Ctesibius, a Greek citizen of Alexandria, developed the first fire pump in the third century BC, which was later improved upon in a design by Hero of Alexandria in the first century BC.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to firefighting:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service</span> Fire and rescue service in south west England

Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service (DSFRS) is the statutory fire and rescue service covering the counties Devon and Somerset in South West England – an area of 3,924 square miles (10,160 km2). It serves a population of 1.75 million, and is the fifth largest fire and rescue service in the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kent Fire and Rescue Service</span> Fire and rescue service in south east England

Kent Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service for the administrative county of Kent and the unitary authority area of Medway, covering a geographical area south-east of London, to the coast and including major shipping routes via the Thames and Medway rivers. The total coastline covered is 225 km ; it has 57 fire stations, and four district fire safety offices. The FRS provides emergency cover to a population of 1.88 million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of fire brigades in the United Kingdom</span>

The history of fire brigades in the United Kingdom charts the development of fire services in the United Kingdom from the creation of the United Kingdom to the present day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dublin Fire Brigade</span> Fire and rescue service for County Dublin, Ireland

Dublin Fire Brigade is the fire and rescue service and ambulance service for County Dublin, including Dublin city, in Ireland. It is a local authority service, operated by Dublin City Council on behalf of that council and those of Fingal, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown and South Dublin. There are currently 14 fire stations staffed by DFB, 12 of which are full-time, the other 2 are "retained" and operate on call 24/7 365 days a year with up to 500 calls per year. Full-time stations are staffed by shifts across 4 watches. There are currently over 963 active firefighter/paramedic personnel making it by far the largest fire service based on personnel and resources in Ireland.

Firefighting is the act of extinguishing destructive fires. A firefighter fights these fires with the intent to prevent destruction of life, property and the environment. Firefighting is a highly technical profession, which requires years of training and education in order to become proficient. A fire can rapidly spread and endanger many lives; however, with modern firefighting techniques, catastrophe can usually be avoided. To help prevent fires from starting, a firefighter's duties include public education and conducting fire inspections. Because firefighters are often the first responders to victims in critical conditions, firefighters often also provide basic life support as emergency medical technicians or advanced life support as licensed paramedics. Firefighters make up one of the major emergency services, along with the emergency medical service, the police, and many others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Exeter</span> City in Devon, South West England

Exeter is a cathedral city and the county town of Devon, South West England. It is situated on the River Exe, approximately 36 mi (58 km) northeast of Plymouth and 65 mi (105 km) southwest of Bristol.

The Belfast Fire Brigade came into existence in 1800, and until 1861 was managed jointly with the local police service. It then provided a dedicated firefighting service to the people of the city of Belfast until its amalgamation with the Northern Ireland Fire Authority on 1 October 1973, when it became the Fire Authority for Northern Ireland, today the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Number 470 Fire Bell</span> Historic site in New South Wales, Australia

Number 470 Fire Bell is a heritage-listed fire bell at 56 Suttor Street, West Bathurst, Bathurst Region, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by John C. Wilson and built in 1855 by Gorbals Brass and Bell Foundry, Glasgow. It is also known as Sydney Insurance Companies Fire Bell and Bathurst Fire Bell. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 11 July 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cork City Fire Brigade</span> Irish fire rescue service

The Cork City Fire Brigade is the local authority fire and rescue service for Cork City and its surrounding suburbs. It is a branch of Cork City Council. There are currently three fire stations in use by Cork City Fire Brigade; of which 2 are full-time and 1 is part time (retained). Cork City Fire Brigade is staffed by 153 active personnel, making it the second-biggest fire service in Ireland after the Dublin Fire Brigade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Exeter Theatre Royal fire</span> 1887 fire and crowd crush in Exeter, England

On 5 September 1887, a fire broke out in the backstage area of the Theatre Royal in Exeter, England, during the production of The Romany Rye. The fire caused panic throughout the theatre, with 186 people dying from a combination of the direct effects of smoke and flame, crushing and trampling, and trauma injuries from falling or jumping from the roof and balconies.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Exeter Fire Brigade". Exeter Memories.
  2. 1 2 Gillian, Don (2010). "The Fire at the Theatre Royal, Exeter". Stage Beauty.
  3. "Exeter and a Fire Brigade". The Star. 22 September 1887.
  4. "The Fire Brigade". Sevenoaks Chronicle and Kentish Advertiser. 10 February 1888.
  5. Ewen, Shane (2010). Fighting fires: creating the British fire service 1800-1978. p. 94.
  6. 1 2 "The Exeter Fire Brigade". Express and Echo. 22 February 1888.
  7. "City and County of the City of Exeter Municipal Fire Brigade". Express and Echo. 15 February 1888.
  8. 1 2 "Inspection of the Exeter Fire Brigade". Western Times. 29 October 1888.
  9. "Fire alarms". Western Times. 30 October 1889.
  10. "City Fire Brigade: Christening of New Motor Engine". Western Times. 6 January 1914.
  11. "Slight fire at Exeter". Western Times. 9 January 1914.
  12. "Christening Exeter's NEw Fire Engine". Western Times. 9 January 1914.
  13. 1 2 "Fire Station: Erection of New Building at Danes Castle". Exeter and Plymouth Gazette. 1 January 1931.
  14. "New Fire Station: Foundation stone laid at Exeter". Western Morning News. 26 November 1931.
  15. "Fire Brigade Station Scheme". Exeter and Plymouth Gazette. 19 September 1931.
  16. "Exeter Fire Station: Opening by the Mayor". Western Morning News. 26 July 1932.
  17. "Training at Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service". International Fire Fighter (29): 43. February 2011.
  18. "Brigade 'based on local response'". BBC News . 26 March 2007. Retrieved 15 December 2008.
  19. "Fireman's death: Fatal fumes at Exeter Coke Dump". Western Times. 8 January 1926.
  20. "Exeter Fireman's Tragic Death: Outbreak in huge dump of coke". Western Morning News. 2 January 1926.