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A modern torpedo is an underwater ranged weapon launched above or below the water surface, self-propelled towards a target, and with an explosive warhead designed to detonate either on contact with or in proximity to the target. Historically, such a device was called an automotive, automobile, locomotive, or fish torpedo; colloquially a fish. The term torpedo originally applied to a variety of devices, most of which would today be called mines. From about 1900, torpedo has been used strictly to designate a self-propelled underwater explosive device.
The Type 212A is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) for the German Navy, and the Italian Navy where it is known as the Todaro class. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion (AIP) system using Siemens proton-exchange membrane (PEM) compressed hydrogen fuel cells. The submarines can operate at high speed on diesel power or switch to the AIP system for silent slow cruising, staying submerged for up to three weeks with little exhaust heat. The system is also said to be vibration-free and virtually undetectable.
The Mark 48 and its improved Advanced Capability (ADCAP) variant are American heavyweight submarine-launched torpedoes. They were designed to sink deep-diving nuclear-powered submarines and high-performance surface ships.
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The Collins-class submarines are Australian-built diesel-electric submarines operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The Collins class takes its name from Australian Vice Admiral John Augustine Collins; each of the six submarines is named after significant RAN personnel who distinguished themselves in action during World War II. The six vessels were the first submarines built in Australia, prompting widespread improvements in Australian industry and delivering a sovereign sustainment/maintenance capability.
The FREMM, which stands for "European multi-purpose frigate", is a Franco-Italian family of multi-purpose frigates designed by Naval Group and Fincantieri. In France, this surface combatant is known as the "Aquitaine class", while in Italy it is known as the "Bergamini class". The lead ship of the class, Aquitaine, was commissioned in November 2012 by the French Navy. Italy has ordered six general purpose and four anti-submarine variants. France, on the other hand, has ordered six anti-submarine variants and two air-defense ones.
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The Missile de Croisière Naval (MdCN), meaning Naval Cruise Missile, is a French turbojet-powered subsonic cruise missile intended for ship and submarine-based land-attack operations. Originally dubbed SCALP Naval, the program arose out of a requirement issued by the French Ministry of Defence for a more potent cruise missile capable of striking strategic and military targets from extended stand-off ranges in order to complement the air-launched SCALP-EG.
The A184 is an Italian heavyweight wire-guided torpedo originally developed by Whitehead SpA. It can be launched from surface vessels and submarines and locates the target using an acoustic seeker. The torpedo body is of a standard 21-inch form factor.
References
- ↑ Chakraborty, Abhishek (30 December 2024). "Torpedo Deal With French Firm, DRDO's New Tech To Boost India's Submarines". ndtv.com. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
- ↑ "F21 Heavyweight Torpedo". naval-technology.com. Naval Technology. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
- 1 2 3 , Source DCNS, 2017-06-22
- ↑ "F21 Heavyweight Torpedo".
- 1 2 3 New torpedo planned for French navy passes qualification firing, Richard Tomkins, UPI, 2017-04-23
- ↑ French submarines to get new torpedoes, Richard Tomkins, UPI, 2014-10-30
- 1 2 3 "Projet de loi de finances pour 2013 : Défense : équipement des forces" (in French). Senate of France. 22 November 2012. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
- ↑ "Black Shark torpedo derivative to arm French nuclear submarines". Frontier India News Network. 2008-04-12. Archived from the original on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
- ↑ "F21 Heavyweight Torpedo - DCNS". 21 August 2014. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
- ↑ Mackenzie, Christina (2 February 2011). "France Adds New Torpedo To Submarine Arsenal". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 2012-10-08.
- ↑ Barreira, Victor (13 November 2013). "F21 torpedo set for French submarine firing in 2014". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly.