Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Dhaka

Last updated
Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Dhaka
Institute of Fine Art 1 .A.M.R.jpg
Established1948: Dhaka Art School
1963: East Pakistan College of Arts and Crafts
1972: Bangladesh Govt. College of Arts and Crafts
1983: Institute of Fine Arts
2008: Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Dhaka
AddressShahbag, Dhaka
Location
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Coordinates 23°44′09″N90°23′41″E / 23.7357°N 90.3947°E / 23.7357; 90.3947

The Faculty of Fine Arts (FFA) was established in 1948 as the Dhaka Art School. [1] It was the first art school in the region and became the main centre of art and cultural practice. Since 1956 it has been situated in Shahbag, Dhaka, close to the Bangladesh National Museum. Architect Muzharul Islam designed the building. In 2008, the institute took its current name when it became one of the faculties of the University of Dhaka. [1]

Contents

History

With the leadership of Zainul Abedin, the eminent artists Anwarul Huq, Quamrul Hasan, Khawaja Shafique Ahmed, Safiuddin Ahmed and Habibur Rahman started the Government Institute of Arts and Crafts in DNMI Hospital building at Johnson Road in Dhaka.

At the moment of its beginning there were six teachers along with Zainul Abedin as the principal and eighteen students. The activities of this institute started with three departments: Fine arts (at present Drawing and Painting), Commercial art (at present Graphic Design) and Graphic art (at present Printmaking). In 1952 the institute moved to a building at Segun Bagicha and then in 1956 it moved to its own building at Shahbag.

In 1963 the institute turned into Government Degree College and was named East Pakistan College of Arts and Crafts. After independence of Bangladesh this college was named Bangladesh College of Arts and Crafts. M.F.A. course has been started here since 1978. Art History department started MFA course in 1991 and honors course in 2001. In 1983 this college merged as institute in Dhaka University. Honors course has been started since 1992-93 session. The institute was turned into a Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Dhaka in 2008.

Influence on art

After the institute was established, within a few years, however, it became quite apparent that what was started only as a training centre had assumed a far greater role, for it quickly became a meeting place for all aspiring artists and a forum from which a new art movement could be launched. The faculty and students of the institute were in touch with what was happening in the West. Many teachers went to Europe and Japan for training and came back with new ideas; but they were also steeped in the traditions of indigenous and folk art and art forms. The West played a formative influence in sharpening their sensibilities, but their firm root protected them from losing their sense of direction and becoming mere imitators of western art. This ability to balance and blend the very best elements of local and foreign art has been a strong point for Bangladeshi artists. Over the fifty years since the inception of the Art Institute, Bangladeshi art has made remarkable progress. The training provided to its students gave them the freedom to develop their own talents in keeping with their dominant inclinations. The heritage of the Bengal school was closely followed by the students of oriental art, while folk forms found their way in the work of many artists (including the founding teachers Zainul Abedin and Qamrul Hassan).

Architecture

This masterpiece was Muzharul Islam's first architectural endeavor. The site is in the Roman area as part of Dhaka University Campus. The Roman area is well known for its gardens and parks. Most of the buildings in this area have been designed in the scheme of a “bagan bari” (house in a garden). The site that was given for the institute was dotted with beautiful trees with a large circular depression at the end of the site. Muzharul Islam decided to come up with a design scheme that would retain all the trees on the site (as some of them were large beautiful trees that would have required many years to grow). His scheme was also climate-responsive and had large continuous verandahs shading the inner walls and windows of the classrooms and studios. The design echoes the outhouse and inner house scheme of rural Bangladesh. It also transforms ‘Jalees’ (lattices) and ‘beras’ (perforated screens) into wonderful screens that separate and creates thresholds. One enters into the front pavilion, a wonderful structure that houses galleries on the ground floor and teachers and common rooms, etc. on the first. Wonderful sculptural stairs connect the two levels around a wonderful internal courtyard. Past the pavilion are the classrooms and studios and in the far end encircling the round depression are the print studios. A lotus pond and sitting area become the open heart of the whole institute. The ground in the south is both a relief and a place to gather. This ground and the whole structure itself transform to host many activities namely the Bengali New Year ‘Pohela Boishakh’ and numerous art classes and competitions for children. Bricks of the project were also custom-designed by Muzharul Islam as so are the terracotta screens.

Present condition

At present the institute has eight departments—Graphic Design, Oriental Art, Ceramics, Drawing and Painting, Sculpture, Crafts, History of Arts and Printmaking. Programmes include four-year Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA Honours) and two-year Master of Fine Arts (MFA) for all departments. The number of students enrolled annually has gone up—from 80 to around 120. The Graphic Design department has a new computer lab. Students of FFA now have options to work part-time (at media houses and ad firms) and the commercial aspect of BFA and MFA degrees from the institute now seems favourable, opportunities the previous generations did not enjoy. There are 43 permanent teachers and most of the teachers are eminent artists of the country. FFA is an important centre of Modern art practice in Bangladesh. Many eminent and internationally renowned artists of Bangladesh were the students of this Faculty. The importance of this Art Institute in the cultural life of Bangladesh cannot be overemphasized. For the last 50 years, it has worked not simply as an institution imparting art education but also as a cultural centre for Bengalis, functioning as a force for cultural revival and regeneration.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zainul Abedin</span> Bangladeshi painter and pioneer of the modern art movement

Zainul Abedin, also known as Shilpacharya was a Bangladeshi painter. He became well known in 1944 through his series of paintings depicting some of the great famines in Bengal during its British colonial period. After the Partition of Indian subcontinent he moved to East Pakistan. In 1948, he helped to establish the Institute of Arts and Crafts at the University of Dhaka. The Indian Express has described him as a legendary Bangladeshi painter and activist. Like many of his contemporaries, his paintings on the Bengal famine of 1943 are viewed as his most characteristic works. His homeland honored him with the title "Shilpacharya" "Great teacher of the arts" for his artistic and visionary attributes. He was the pioneer of the modern art movement that took place in Bangladesh and was rightly considered by Syed Manzoorul Islam as the founding father of Bangladeshi modern arts, soon after Bangladesh earned the status of an independent republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quamrul Hassan</span> Bengali artist (1921-1988)

Quamrul Hassan was a Bangladeshi artist. Hassan is referred to in Bangladesh as Potua, a word usually associated with folk artists, due to his down to earth style yet very modern in nature as he always added Cubism other than the folk style to his artworks. In addition to his artistic legacy, two of Hassan's work have come to be part of Bangladesh's political history. The first of this is a monstrous rendition of Yahya Khan, the Pakistani president who ordered genocide in Bangladesh. The second was just before his death, mocking the then dictator of Bangladesh, Hossain Mohammad Ershad. This sketch was titled Desh aaj bisshobeheyar khoppre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SM Sultan</span> Bangladeshi painter (1923–1994)

Sheikh Mohammed Sultan, popularly known as S M Sultan, was a Bengali decolonial artist who worked in painting and drawing. His fame rests on his striking depictions of exaggeratedly muscular Bangladeshi peasants engaged in the activities of their everyday lives. Sultan's early works were influenced by western technics and forms, particularly impressionism, however, in his later works particularly, works exhibited in 1976, we discover there is a constant temptation to decolonize his art technics and forms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rafiqun Nabi</span> Bangladeshi artist and cartoonist (born 1943)

Rafiqun Nabi, better known as Ranabi, is a Bangladeshi artist and cartoonist. He is best known for creating Tokai, a character symbolizing the poor street boys of Dhaka who lives on picking things from dustbins or begging and having a knack of telling simple yet painful truths about current political and socio-economic situation of the country. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1993 by the government of Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shahbag</span> Major neighbourhood and thana in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Shahbagh is a major neighbourhood and a police precinct or thana in Dhaka, the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. It is also a major public transport hub. It is a junction between two contrasting sections of the city—Old Dhaka and New Dhaka—which lie, respectively, to its south and north. Developed in the 17th century during Mughal rule in Bengal, when Old Dhaka was the provincial capital and a centre of the flourishing muslin industry, it came to neglect and decay in early 19th century. In the mid-19th century, the Shahbagh area was developed as New Dhaka became a provincial centre of the British Raj, ending a century of decline brought on by the passing of Mughal rule.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rashid Choudhury</span> Bangladeshi artist (1932–1986)

Rashid Hossain Choudhury was a Bangladeshi second generation artist, sculptor, writer and professor. He played a major part in the art movements and improvement in the art-related educational institutions of Bangladesh. He has received numerous awards and recognition for creative contribution and innovative influence. During the 1950s, he had been a significant pioneer in the modern art movement in Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muzharul Islam</span> Bangladeshi architect and professor

Muzharul Islam was a Bangladeshi architect, urban planner, educator and activist. He is considered as the Grand Master of regional modernism in South Asia. Islam is the pioneer of modern architecture in Bangladesh and the father of Bangali modernism. Islam's style and influence dominated the architectural scene in the country during the 1960s and 70s, along with major US architects he brought to work in Dhaka.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Syed Jahangir</span> Bangladeshi painter

Syed Jahangir was a Bangladeshi painter. He was awarded Ekushey Padak by the Government of Bangladesh in 1985. He served as the department head of the Arts Faculty at Shilpakala Academy in 1977. His notable paintings include Attmar Ujjibon, Ullas, Dhoni, Ojana-Oneshya and Osoni-Sangket.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Safiuddin Ahmed</span> Bangladeshi artist

Safiuddin Ahmed was a Bangladeshi artist. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1978 and Independence Day Award in 1996 by the Government of Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zainul Abedin Museum</span> Art museum in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Zainul Abedin Sangrahashala is an art museum in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Established in 1975, it contains the collections of the artist Shilpacharya Zainul Abedin (1914–1976). The art gallery was established in Mymensingh as this is where the artist spent his early days. Abedin, a pioneer of the country's modern art movement, created works of art on subject matters such as the Bengal famine of 1943 and the peoples' independence. The museum is located in the area of Shaheeb Quarter Park on the bank of the Old Bramaputra River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abul Khair Litu</span>

Abul Khair Litu (born 7 October 1950) is a Bangladeshi industrialist and entrepreneur. He is known for his involvement in the promotion of the country's culture, art, music, theatre and literature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammad Kibria</span> Bangladeshi painter

Mohammad Kibria was a Bangladeshi artist. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1983 and Independence Day Award in 1999 by the Government of Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Art Gallery (Bangladesh)</span>

The National Art Gallery is a fine arts gallery of Shilpakala Academy in Segunbagicha, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It contains works of art from national artists, such as Zainul Abedin and Quamrul Hassan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladeshi art</span>

Bangladeshi art is a form of visual arts that has been practiced throughout the land of what is now known as Bangladesh. Bangladeshi art has a perennial history which originated more than two thousand years ago and is practiced even to this date. Among the various forms of Bangladeshi art, photography, architecture, sculpture and painting are the most notable.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mubinul Azim</span> Bangladeshi painter

Mubinul Azim (1934-1975) was a Bangladeshi painter who is considered a pioneer in the fine arts scene. He is one of the foremost artists from Bangladesh and a student of Zainul Abedin. He naturally drew inspiration from his own surroundings. His first duo show was held in 1961 followed by 17 solo exhibitions and 37 group exhibitions in Pakistan, Bangladesh and different countries of the world. Out of his 54 painting exhibitions, only 14 took place in Bangladesh. He received awards at the Annual Exhibition of Paintings by Karachi Artists, Arts Council, Karachi, Pakistan in 1963, 1964 and 1967.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamiduzzaman Khan</span> Bangladeshi sculptor

Hamiduzzaman Khan is a Bangladeshi artist and sculptor. He is well known as a sculptor for his theme and form oriented sculptures, in particular sculptures on the theme of Bangladesh War of Liberation and birds. Following the introduction of modernity in sculpture in Bangladesh in the 1950s by Novera Ahmed, Khan was instrumental in the popularization of sculpture in the country through his distinctive form of modernity. Influenced by Alberto Giacometti and Henry Moore, his works manifest expressionism, minimalism, and a constant exploration of purity of material. He worked on both figurative as well as abstract genres.

Samarjit Roy Chowdhury was a Bangladeshi painter. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2014 by the Government of Bangladesh.

Aminul Islam was a Bangladeshi artist. He was a part of Bangladesh modern art movement in 1950s. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1981 and Independence Day Award in 1988 by the Government of Bangladesh.

Shamim Sikder was a Bangladeshi sculptor. Sikder served as a professor at the Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Dhaka between 1980–2001. She was awarded the Ekushey Padak in 2000 by the Government of Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monirul Islam (artist)</span> Bangladeshi painter

Monirul Islam is a Bangladeshi-Spanish artist. Monir is an International figure in etching for his signature style and experimental techniques. For his great accomplishment in art, he received two of Spain's top civilian honors: the Cross of Officer of the Order of Queen Isabella (2010), and the Commander Spanish Order of Merit (2018), and Bangladesh Government's civilian award Ekushey Padak in 1999.

References

  1. 1 2 Waheed, Karim (15 October 2010). "Cradle of contemporary Bangladeshi art Charukala". The Daily Star. Retrieved 15 November 2017.

Further reading