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Farida Belghoul (born 1958) is a French author of Algerian descent who was raised in France. She was the main spokesperson for the second March for Equality and Against Racism which took place throughout France in 1984. Her novel Georgette! was published in 1986.
Belghoul has opposed since at least October 2013 the teaching of gender theory to schoolchildren. She is troubled by the programme in the national elementary curriculum called L'ABCD de l'égalité (The Basics of Equality), which was launched in September 2013 and whose main aim is to "fight gender stereotypes at school". [1]
Belghoul launched her absenteeism protest programme on 13 December 2013, by which she hoped, by her programme of non-cooperation, to pressure the authorities. The first absentee day was 24 January 2014 and caused the Minister of Education, Vincent Peillon, to answer questions in the Assemblée Nationale on 28 January, during which time he stated categorically: [1] [2]
Ce que nous faisons ce n'est pas la théorie du genre, je la refuse, c'est promouvoir les valeurs de la République et l'égalité entre les hommes et les femmes.
However, the Subcommittee on Education [3] on 28 February 2013 had voted in favour of an amendment proposed by Martine Faure, favoured by Yves Durand, Martine Martinel and Marie-George Buffet among others, that replaced the biological concepts of "sex", with the sociological concepts of "gender". [4]
On 11 May 2014, the anniversary of Saint Jeanne d'Arc, Belghoul and a French Catholic pressure group, Civitas, demonstrated together at a park in Paris. The alliance grouped opponents of the mariage pour tous policy. [5]
In January 2014, Belghoul also called for women to wear skirts, and leave trousers to men, in the so-called "year of the skirt". [6]
Vincent Benoît Camille Peillon is a French politician who served as Minister for Education in the French Government. He is a longstanding French politician and, from 2014 until 2019, served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for North West France.
Marie-George Buffet is a French politician. She was the head of the French Communist Party (PCF) from 2001 to 2010. She joined the Party in 1969, and she served in the government as Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports from 4 June 1997 to 5 May 2002. Buffet was re-elected on 16 June 2002 to another five-year term in the National Assembly as a representative of Seine-Saint-Denis.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in France are progressive by world standards. Although same-sex sexual activity was a capital crime that often resulted in the death penalty during the Ancien Régime, all sodomy laws were repealed in 1791 during the French Revolution. However, a lesser-known indecent exposure law that often targeted LGBT people was introduced in 1960, before being repealed in 1980.
Patrick Bloche is a French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who served as a member of the National Assembly of France from 1997 to 2017. In parliament, he was part of the SRC parliamentary group.
The Minister in charge of Housing is a cabinet member in the Government of France. Since 6 July 2020, the position has been occupied by Emmanuelle Wargon, Minister Delegate attached to the Minister of the Ecological Transition.
The 3rd constituency of Ille-et-Vilaine is a French legislative constituency in the Ille-et-Vilaine département. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using the two-round system, with a run-off if no candidate receives over 50% of the vote in the first round.
Martine Faure was a member of the National Assembly of France. She represented the Gironde department, as a member of the Socialist Party. She was the deputy for Gironde's 9th constituency from 2007 to 2012 and, after the 2010 redistricting, the 12th constituency from 2012 to 2017.
Martine Martinel was a member of the National Assembly of France from 2007 to 2017. She represented Haute-Garonne's 4th constituency, as a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
Yves Durand is a French politician, a member of the National Assembly. He represents the Nord department, and is a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche.
Civitas, also known as France Jeunesse Civitas and Institut Civitas, was an association generally considered to be Traditionalist Catholic, integrist, nationalist, and of the extreme right. The association defines itself as a "Traditionalist Catholic lobby group". The group was once associated with the Society of St. Pius X, but it has evolved under the new leadership of Alain Escada and the "chaplaincy" is now provided by Capuchin Friars of Morgon. On February 14, 2023, the Global Project Against Hate and Extremism (GPAHE) released a report in which it classified Civitas as a "religious nationalist", "anti-LGBTQ+", and "conspiracy" group.
The Centre national du livre (CNL) is a French établissement public à caractère administratif.
Jean Claude Ameisen is a French doctor, immunologist and researcher in biology. He is Director of the Center for Life Studies of the Paris Institute of Humanities, Paris Diderot University and President of the National Consultative Ethics Committee (2012–2016).
Christian Galan is a French Japanologist and professor of Japanese language and civilization at Toulouse-Jean-Jaurès University and a researcher at the Japanese Studies Center (CEJ) of the National Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilizations. He has devoted most of his work to the study of the Japanese education system.
Anne-Marie Devreux is a French sociologist specializing in feminism and the sociology of gender relations.
Maud Olivier is a French politician. A member of the Socialist Party, she was a Deputy for the Essonne's 5th constituency, General Councillor for the Canton of Les Ulis and Mayor of Les Ulis.
The Cultural and Education Affairs Committee is one of the eight standing committees of the French National Assembly,created on July 1, 2009 by the split of the former Committee for Cultural, Family and Social Affairs.
Nicole Mosconi was a French philosopher and professor. A specialist in educational questions, she was a member of the Institut Émilie-du-Châtelet from 2006 until her death.
Margaret Rose Maruani Rey was a Tunisian-born French sociologist and director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Paris. She was the founder and editor-in-chief of the academic journal, Travail, Genre et Sociétés and directed the international and multidisciplinary research network "Marché du travail et Genre" (MAGE–CNRS).
Sabrina Agresti-Roubache is a French film producer and politician of LREM who has been serving as Minister Delegate for Citizenship and Urban Development in the government of successive Prime Ministers Élisabeth Borne and Gabriel Attal since 2023. She previously was a member of the National Assembly from 2022 to 2023, representing Bouches-du-Rhône's 1st constituency.
Christophe Marion is a French historian and politician. A member of La République en marche since 2016, he was elected mayor of Saint-Ouen in 2020, then deputy in the 3rd constituency of Loir-et-Cher in 2022.
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