Chancellor is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the cancelli of a basilica, which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings. Nowadays the term is most often used to describe:
The Swiss Civilian Service is a Swiss institution, created in 1996 as a civilian substitute service to military service. It was introduced as part of the so-called Vision 95 reform package. Anyone who is unable to do military service for reasons of conscience can submit an application to perform civilian service instead. Formerly, the applicant was then forced to attend a hearing where they had to explain their reasons for refusal. Now, they must simply take part in a one-day introductory session to civilian service within three months of submitting their application.
The Federal Department of Finance is one of the seven departments of the Swiss federal government. The department is headquartered in Bern and headed by a member of the Swiss Federal Council, Switzerland's finance minister. Initially, in 1848, the department was called "Department of Finance", then, from 1873 "Department of Finance and Customs", until it received its present designation in 1978.
The Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland is the supreme court of the Swiss Confederation and the head of the Swiss judiciary.
The Federal Administrative Court of Switzerland is a Swiss federal court. It is the judicial authority to which decisions of the federal authorities of Switzerland can be appealed. The decisions of the Federal Administrative Court can generally be appealed, in turn, to the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland.
The Federal Criminal Court, is a Swiss federal court. Since its inception in 2004, it has been located in Bellinzona.
The federal administration of Switzerland is the ensemble of agencies that constitute, together with the Swiss Federal Council, the executive branch of the Swiss federal authorities. The administration is charged with executing federal law and preparing draft laws and policy for the Federal Council and the Federal Assembly.
The Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property (IPI), based in Bern, is an agency of the federal administration of Switzerland responsible for patents, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs and copyright.
The Swiss Border Guard, known as the Swiss Border Guard Command, was a federal law enforcement agency, which acted as both the border guard and customs service for Switzerland. It was a uniformed and armed section of the Federal Customs Administration, which is attached to the Federal Department of Finance. It was the largest civilian security agency on a federal level.
Taxes in Switzerland are levied by the Swiss Confederation, the cantons and the municipalities.
The largest immigrant groups in Switzerland are those from Germany, Italy, France, the former Yugoslavia, Albania, Portugal and Turkey, including Turks and Kurds. Between them, these six groups account for about 1.5 million people, 60% of the Swiss population with immigrant background, or close to 20% of total Swiss population.
The Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) is the Swiss government body responsible for financial regulation. This includes the supervision of banks, insurance companies, stock exchanges and securities dealers, as well as other financial intermediaries in Switzerland. FINMA's name and acronym are usually expressed in English so as to avoid the semblance of favouring any one of Switzerland's linguistic regions.
Swiss law is a set of rules which constitutes the law in Switzerland.
The Swiss Federal Patent Court is a Swiss federal court competent for particular legal matters, such as patent cases. It has its seat in Sankt Gallen, Switzerland.
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven emirates, each governed by its own monarch. The political system is based on both federal and local governance. The UAE has a Federal Supreme Council, composed of the rulers of the emirates, which is responsible for major policy decisions, including constitutional amendments and strategic planning[The official website of the UAE government.]. The UAE has historically been a low-tax jurisdiction. The federal government and local governments are entitled to levy taxes on citizens and companies. The federal government currently levies a value added tax, corporate income tax, and excise taxes. Some emirates levy property, transfer, excise and tourism taxes. Some emirates also charge corporate taxes on oil companies and foreign banks.
The Systematic Compilation of Federal Legislation (SR) (German: Systematische Sammlung des Bundesrechts, SR; French: Recueil systématique du droit fédéral, RS; Italian: Raccolta sistematica, RS) is the official compilation of all Swiss federal laws, ordinances, international and intercantonal treaties that are in force.
SwissCovid is a COVID-19 contact tracing app used for digital contact tracing in Switzerland. Use of the app is voluntary and based on a decentralized approach using Bluetooth Low Energy and Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (dp3t).
The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (German: Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz, VwVG, French: Loi fédérale sur la procédure administrative, PA, Italian: Legge federale sulla procedura amministrativa, PA), is a Swiss federal law that regulates the procedures followed by Swiss federal administrative authorities when making decisions that affect the rights of individuals. It was adopted on 20 December 1968 by the Federal Assembly and came into force on 1 October 1969.
Withholding tax is a tax levied at source in Switzerland since 1944 on capital income, lottery winnings and certain insurance benefits.
Value added tax is an indirect tax levied by the Confederation on the basis of Art. 130 of the Federal Constitution. As of 1 January 1995 it replaced the goods turnover tax (WUSt) levied until then. The VAT is structured as an all-phase tax with input tax deduction.
