Fernando Enrique Rondon (May 6, 1936 Los Angeles, California) was the American Ambassador to Ecuador (1985-1988) [1] and served concurrent appointments as Ambassador to Madagascar and Comoros. [2]
Born to a Mexican mother and Peruvian father, his family moved to Mexico City when he was thirteen. He graduated from the University of California at Berkeley in 1960. [3]
Rondon was posted in Iran during the White Revolution from 1962–1964. At one point he was approached by a brigadier general in charge of the US Military Group. He was surprised to be in that position. Due to a nighttime curfew, when his wife was going to give birth, she needed to go to the hospital during the day. The baby was born overnight and he was unable to be there due to the curfew. [3]
From 1964 until 1966, he studied French and Maghrebian Arabic. During his field training, he asked to be assigned to Algeria due to the reputation of John D. Jernegan and Lewis Hoffacker. He became Principal Officer in Constantine, Algeria in 1966 and 1967. During the Six-Day War, they were evacuated and finished the tour in Algiers as members of the American Interests Section of the Embassy of Switzerland. [3]
When Rondon was approached about becoming Ambassador to Madagascar, he had some initial trepidation based on the pro Communist leanings of the government and the expulsion of the United States ambassador and five members of his staff in 1971. That was followed by the refusal to accept an Ambassadorial nominee in 1975. But by 1980, internal conditions within Madagascar made it within their best interests to reestablish a better relationship with the US and agreed to Rondon's appointment. [3] Rondon “is credited with restoring a semblance of friendship.“ [4]
Since its independence from France in 1962, Algeria has pursued an activist foreign policy. In the 1960s and 1970s, Algeria was noted for its support of Third World policies and independence movements. Since its independence, Algeria has been a member of the Arab League, the African Union and of the United Nations.
The Tijuana Cartel or Arellano-Félix-Cartel is a Mexican drug cartel based in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Founded by the Arellano-Félix family, the cartel once was described as "one of the biggest and most violent criminal groups in Mexico". However, since the 2006 Sinaloa Cartel incursion in Baja California and the fall of the Arellano-Félix brothers, the Tijuana Cartel has been reduced to a few cells. In 2016, the organization became known as Cartel Tijuana Nueva Generación and began to align itself under the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, along with Beltrán Leyva Organization (BLO) to create an anti-Sinaloa alliance, in which the Jalisco New Generation Cartel heads. This alliance has since dwindled as the Tijuana, Jalisco New Generation, and Sinaloa cartels all now battle each other for trafficking influence in the city of Tijuana and the region of Baja California.
Plutarco Elías Calles was a Mexican soldier and politician who served as President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928. After the assassination of Álvaro Obregón, Elías Calles founded the Institutional Revolutionary Party and held unofficial power as Mexico's de facto leader from 1929 to 1934, a period known as the Maximato. Previously, he served as a general in the Constitutional Army, as Governor of Sonora, Secretary of War, and Secretary of the Interior. During the Maximato, he served as Secretariat of Public Education, Secretary of War again, and Secretary of the Economy. During his presidency, he implemented many left-wing populist and secularist reforms, opposition to which sparked the Cristero War.
Abelardo Rodríguez Luján, commonly known as Abelardo L. Rodríguez was a Mexican military officer, businessman and politician who served as Substitute President of Mexico from 1932 to 1934. He completed the term of President Pascual Ortiz Rubio after his resignation, during the period known as the Maximato, when Former President Plutarco Elías Calles held considerable de facto political power, without being president himself. Rodríguez was, however, more successful than Ortiz Rubio had been in asserting presidential power against Calles's influence.
Raúl Héctor Castro was a Mexican American politician, diplomat and judge. In 1964, Castro was selected to be U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador, a position he held until 1968 when he was appointed U.S. Ambassador to Bolivia. In 1974, Castro was elected to serve as the 14th governor of Arizona, and resigned two years into his term to become U.S. Ambassador to Argentina. Prior to his entry into public service, Castro was a lawyer and a judge for Pima County, Arizona. He was a member of the Democratic Party.
José Justo Corro Silva was a Mexican lawyer and statesman who was made president of Mexico on March 2, 1836, after the sudden death of President Miguel Barragán. During his administration, he oversaw the transition from the First Mexican Republic to the Centralist Republic of Mexico and the publication of the new constitution: the Siete Leyes. The nation also faced the ongoing Texas Revolution, and Mexican independence was recognized by Spain and by the Holy See.
Jorge Enrique Adoum was an Ecuadorian writer, poet, politician, and diplomat. He was one of the major exponents of Latin American poetry. His work received such prestigious awards as the first Casa de las Américas Prize in Cuba, the most important honor in Latin American letters. Though hailed by Nobel Prize winner Pablo Neruda as the best poet of his generation in Latin America, Adoum’s work is unknown in the English-speaking world.
Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco — born Alfredo Pareja y Díez Canseco — was a prominent Ecuadorian novelist, essayist, journalist, historian and diplomat. An innovator of the 20th-century Latin American novel, he was a founding member of the literary Grupo de Guayaquil, which brought a new emphasis to realistic novels.
Luis Enrique Tábara was a master Ecuadorian painter and teacher representing a whole Hispanic pictorial and artistic culture.
Werner Rauh was a German biologist, botanist and author.
Madagascar – United States relations are bilateral relations between Madagascar and the United States.
The 1964 Gabonese coup d'état was staged between 17 and 18 February 1964 by Gabonese military officers who rose against Gabonese President Léon M'ba. Before the coup, Gabon was seen as one of the most politically stable countries in Africa. The coup resulted from M'ba's dissolution of the Gabonese legislature on 21 January 1964, and during a takeover with few casualties 150 coup plotters arrested M'ba and a number of his government officials. Through Radio Libreville, they asked the people of Gabon to remain calm and assured them that the country's pro-France foreign policy would remain unchanged. A provisional government was formed, and the coup's leaders installed Deputy Jean-Hilaire Aubame, who was M'ba's primary political opponent and had been uninvolved in the coup, as president. Meanwhile, M'ba was sent to Lambaréné, 250 kilometres (155 mi) from Libreville. There was no major uprising or reaction by the Gabonese people when they received word of the coup, which the military interpreted as a sign of approval.
Ignacio Asúnsolo (1890–1965) was a Mexican sculptor trained in France.
Bruce Rondón is a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers in 2013 and from 2015 through 2017 and for the Chicago White Sox in 2018. Rondón's fastball has exceeded 100 miles per hour (160 km/h).
Marcel Peyrouton was a French diplomat and politician. He served as the French Minister of the Interior from 1940 to 1941, during Vichy France. He served as the French Ambassador to Argentina from 1936 to 1940, and from 1941 to 1942. He served as the Governor-General of French Algeria in 1943. He was acquitted in 1948.
Boaz Walton Long was a non-career appointee who served as the American Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to El Salvador (1914-1917), Cuba (1919-1921), Nicaragua (1936-1938) and Ecuador. On April 14, 1942, he was promoted to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary April 14, 1942 and served until May 1, 1943. He also served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Guatemala (1943-1945).
Maurice Marshall Bernbaum was an American Career Foreign Service Officer who served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Ecuador (1960-1965) and Venezuela (1965-1969).
Richard Newton Holwill served as the American Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Ecuador for 16 months from July 1988 until November 1989, replacing Fernando Enrique Rondon. He had been Deputy Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs at the Department of State since 1983.
Juan Enrique Krauss Rusque is a Chilean lawyer and politician who has served as deputy, minister and ambassador of Chile in Spain, Ecuador and Czech Republic.