Fifth Corps Area

Last updated

The Fifth Corps Area was a military district of the United States Army from 1920-21 to the Second World War. The Fifth Corps Area included the states of Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Eventually it became Fifth Service Command on 22 July 1942, and then Fifth Service Command was disestablished in 1946.

Fifth Corps Area was established on 20 August 1920 with headquarters at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, and organized from parts of the discontinued Central Department. The headquarters was transferred to Fort Hayes, Columbus, Ohio, on 20 June 1922.

The headquarters was responsible for the units of the Second and Fifth Armies, the V Army Corps (5th, 37th, and 38th Divisions) and XV Army Corps (83rd, 84th, 100th Infantry Divisions), select General Headquarters (GHQ) Reserve units, and Zone of the Interior support units of the Fifth Corps Area Support Command.

In 1925 Air Service elements included the Air Service Officer, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana; the Divisional Air Service, 5th Division with the 88th Observation Squadron at Wilbur Wright Field, Ohio (Major Hugh J. Knerr), and the associated 7th Photo Section. [1] [2]

Mobile units of the corps area, less GHQ Reserve and Z.I. units, were assigned to the Second and Fifth Armies from 1921 to 1933. With the adoption of the four field army plan on 1 October 1933, the units of the Fifth Corps Area were reassigned to the Second Army, GHQ Reserve, or demobilized. [3]

Headquarters Company, V Corps was withdrawn from the Organized Reserve on 1 October 1933 and allotted to the Regular Army. [4] At the same time, the Corps HQ was partially activated at Fort Hayes, OH, with Regular personnel from HQ, Fifth Corps Area, and Reserve personnel from the corps area at large. Though an Regular Army, Inactive, unit from 1927 to 1940, the Corps HQ was organized provisionally for short periods using its assigned Reserve officers and staff officers from HQ, Fifth Corps Area. These periods of provisional Active Duty were generally for command post exercises and major maneuvers. HQ, V Corps was fully activated on 20 October 1940, less Reserve personnel, at Camp Beauregard, LA, and thus passed outside the Fifth Corps Area.

The Fifth Corps Area Training Center was established in 1921, originally at Camp Knox, KY (redesignated Fort Knox in 1932), to train R.A. and O.R. units of all arms and services, as well as ROTC cadets and CMTC candidates. With the inactivation of the Fifth Corps Area Training Center in October 1922, Camp Knox became the primary training center for corps area infantry, cavalry, and field artillery units.

When the V Corps was inactivated on 15 November 1924, a Headquarters, Non-Divisional Group, was established to direct the organization, training, and administration of all nondivisional units. The HQ, Artillery Group was established on 5 September 1925 at Cincinnati, OH, to direct the organization, training, and administration of all nondivisional field artillery and coast artillery antiaircraft units. The corps area was further reorganized into four “military areas” on 28 September 1932. At that time, the Ohio Mil. Area assumed control of the 83d Div. area, the Indiana Mil. Area assumed control of the 84th Div. area, the West Virginia Mil. Area assumed control of the 100th Div. area less Kentucky, and the Kentucky Mil. Area assumed control of Kentucky elements of XV Corps, 100th Division, and the 64th Cavalry Division.

..HQ, Fifth Corps Area actually began functioning as a service command headquarters in October 1940 and was redesignated HQ, Fifth CASC in May 1941. It was further redesignated HQ, Fifth Service Command on 22 July 1942. [5]

Commanders 1920−1942

Related Research Articles

A corps area was a geographically-based organizational structure of the United States Army used to accomplish administrative, training, and tactical tasks from 1920 to 1942. Each corps area included divisions of the Regular Army, Organized Reserve, and National Guard of the United States. Developed as a result of serious mobilization problems during World War I, this organization provided a framework to rapidly expand the Army in times of war or national emergency, such as the Great Depression.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">V Corps (United States)</span> One of four active corps of the U.S. Army, currently part of U.S. Army Europe

V Corps, formerly known as the Fifth Corps, is a regular corps of the United States Army headquartered at Fort Knox, Kentucky and Camp Kościuszko, Poland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">84th Division (United States)</span> Military unit

The 84th Training Command ("Railsplitters") is a formation of the United States Army. During World War I it was designated the 84th Division, American Expeditionary Forces; during World War II it was known as the 84th Infantry Division. From 1946 to 1952, the division was a part of the United States Army Reserve as the 84th Airborne Division. In 1959, the division was reorganized and redesignated once more as the 84th Division. The division was headquartered in Milwaukee in command of over 4,100 soldiers divided into eight brigades—including an ROTC brigade—spread throughout seven states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">79th Infantry Division (United States)</span> Military unit

The 79th Infantry Division was an infantry formation of the United States Army Reserve in World Wars I and II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">88th Infantry Division (United States)</span> Military unit

The 88th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army that saw service in both World War I and World War II. It was one of the first of the Organized Reserve divisions to be called into federal service, created nearly "from scratch" after the implementation of the draft in 1940. Previous divisions were composed of a core of either Regular Army or National Guard personnel plus draftees. Much of the experience in reactivating it was used in the subsequent expansion of the U.S. Army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">81st Infantry Division (United States)</span> Formation of the United States Army

The 81st Readiness Division ("Wildcat") was a formation of the United States Army originally organized as the 81st Infantry Division during World War I. After World War I, the 81st Division was allotted to the Organized Reserve as a "skeletonized" cadre division. In 1942, the division was reactivated and reorganized as the 81st Infantry Division and served in the Pacific during World War II. After World War II, the 81st Infantry Division was allotted to the Organized Reserve as a Class C cadre division, and stationed at Atlanta, Georgia. The 81st Infantry Division saw no active service during the Cold War and was inactivated in 1965.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">83rd Infantry Division (United States)</span> Military unit

The 83rd Infantry Division ("Thunderbolt") was a formation of the United States Army in World War I and World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">86th Infantry Division (United States)</span> Military unit

The 86th Infantry Division, also known as the Blackhawk Division, was a unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II. Currently called the 86th Training Division, based at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, members of the division now work with Active Army, Reserve, and National Guard units to provide them with a Decisive Action Training Environment on a yearly basis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">90th Infantry Division (United States)</span> Military unit

The 90th Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army that served in World War I and World War II. Its lineage is carried on by the 90th Sustainment Brigade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">76th Infantry Division (United States)</span> Military unit

The 76th Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army in World War I, World War II and the Cold War. The division was inactivated in 1996 and has been reconstituted as the 76th US Army Reserve Operational Response Command in 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">43rd Infantry Division (United States)</span> Military unit

The 43rd Infantry Division was a formation of the United States Army from 1920 to 1963, serving in the Pacific during World War II. It was activated in 1920 as a National Guard Division in Connecticut, Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The 143rd Regional Support Group of the Connecticut National Guard now carries on the heritage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">62nd Cavalry Division (United States)</span> Military unit

The 62nd Cavalry Division was an Organized Reserve cavalry unit of the United States Army.

The 64th Cavalry Division of the United States Army Organized Reserve was created from the perceived need for additional cavalry units. It numbered in succession of the Regular Army Divisions, which were not all active at its creation. The 64th Cavalry Division was dispersed across the United States. The division was composed of personnel from Kentucky, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire and West Virginia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">XXI Corps (United Kingdom)</span> Military unit

The XXI Corps was an Army Corps of the British Army during World War I. The Corps was formed in Palestine in August 1917 under the command of Lieutenant General Edward Bulfin. It formed part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) and served in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. At the Battle of Sharon it fought what has been described as 'one of the most overwhelmingly successful operations of the war' and 'a precursor to the modern Blitzkrieg.' It then carried out remarkable march up the coast of modern-day Lebanon as the war came to an end.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Army Air Corps</span> Air warfare branch of the US Army from 1926 to 1941

The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1926 and 1941. After World War I, as early aviation became an increasingly important part of modern warfare, a philosophical rift developed between more traditional ground-based army personnel and those who felt that aircraft were being underutilized and that air operations were being stifled for political reasons unrelated to their effectiveness. The USAAC was renamed from the earlier United States Army Air Service on 2 July 1926, and was part of the larger United States Army. The Air Corps became the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) on 20 June 1941, giving it greater autonomy from the Army's middle-level command structure. During World War II, although not an administrative echelon, the Air Corps (AC) remained as one of the combat arms of the Army until 1947, when it was legally abolished by legislation establishing the Department of the Air Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan</span> Pakistani military unit during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War

The Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army was a corps-sized military formation headed by a lieutenant-general, who was designated the Commander Eastern Command. After the partition of India by United Kingdom, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was divided into two territories separated by 1,000 miles (1,600 km). Most of the assets of the Pakistan armed forces were stationed in West Pakistan; the role of the Pakistan armed forces in East Pakistan was to hold that part of the country until the Pakistani forces defeated India in the west. The Pakistan Army created the Eastern Command, with one commander in the rank of Lieutenant General responsible for the command. The armed forces, had drawn up a plan to defend Dhaka by concentrating all their forces along the Dhaka Bowl.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">XVI Corps (United States)</span> American military unit

The XVI Corps was a corps-sized formation of the United States Army.

The First Corps Area was a Corps area of the United States Army. It replaced the Northeastern Department, and was headquartered at South Boston Army Base, Massachusetts. The organization included Army units and facilities in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Connecticut. It was responsible for the mobilization, and administration of the First United States Army (1936–38); the Fourth Army, I Army Corps with 9th, 26th, and 43d Divisions; XI Corps, constituted 29 July 1921, with the 76th, 94th, and 97th Division; coast defense units of the First Coast Artillery District, some units of the GHQ Reserve, and the Zone of the Interior support units of the First Corps Area Service Command. First Corps Area was redesignated First CASC in May 1941.

The Seventh Corps Area was a Corps area, effectively a military district, of the United States Army active from 1920 to 1941. It initially was responsible for army forces in Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa and Nebraska. Army responsibility for Arkansas was transferred from the Fourth Corps Area to the Seventh Corps Area on 1 December 1920. In October 1940, the War Department implemented a transfer of tactical command functions of the Corps areas, moving tactical forces to field armies and transforming the Corps areas to Service Commands, themselves part of Army Service Forces. The Seventh Corps Area maintained its name until May 1941, when it was officially designated HQ, Seventh Corps Area Service Command in May 1941. While the Seventh Corps Area no longer existed, the HQ, Seventh CASC – later re-designated HQ, Seventh Service Command – continued until January 1944.

Sixth Corps Area was a Corps area, effectively a military district, of the United States Army from 1921 to the 1940s. The headquarters was established at Fort Sheridan, Illinois, in August 1920, from portions of the former Central Department, but then moved to the U.S. Post Office Building at 1819 West Pershing Road in Chicago on 10 October 1921.

References

  1. "United States Army Air Service Posts," U.S. Army Recruiting News, A Bulletin of Recruiting Information Issued by the Direction of the Adjutant General of the Army, February 15, 1925
  2. Clay 2010c , pp. by unit entries
  3. Clay 2010a, p. 48.
  4. Clay 2010a, p. 154.
  5. 1 2 Clay 2010, Volume I, p.48.