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Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence an audience and further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented. Propaganda is often associated with material which is prepared by governments, but activist groups, companies, religious organizations, the media, and individuals also produce propaganda.
A propaganda film is a film that involves some form of propaganda. Propaganda films spread and promote certain ideas that are usually religious, political, or cultural in nature. A propaganda film is made with the intent that the viewer will adopt the position promoted by the propagator and eventually take action towards making those ideas widely accepted. Propaganda films are popular mediums of propaganda due to their ability to easily reach a large audience in a short amount of time. They are also able to come in a variety of film types such as documentary, non-fiction, and newsreel, making it even easier to provide subjective content that may be deliberately misleading.
Education for Death: The Making of the Nazi is an animated propaganda short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released on January 15, 1943, by RKO Radio Pictures, directed by Clyde Geronimi and principally animated by Milt Kahl, Ward Kimball, Frank Thomas, and Bill Tytla. The short is based on the non-fiction book of the same name by American author Gregor Ziemer. The film features the story of Hans, a boy born and raised in Nazi Germany, his indoctrination in the Hitlerjugend, and his eventual march to war.
The propaganda used by the German Nazi Party in the years leading up to and during Adolf Hitler's leadership of Germany (1933–1945) was a crucial instrument for acquiring and maintaining power, and for the implementation of Nazi policies.
Joanne Clare Fox is a British historian specialising in the history of film and propaganda in twentieth-century Europe. She is director of the Institute of Historical Research, School of Advanced Study, University of London, and the Institute's first woman director.
Ohm Krüger is a 1941 German biographical film directed by Hans Steinhoff and starring Emil Jannings, Lucie Höflich, and Werner Hinz. It was one of a series of propaganda films produced in Nazi Germany attacking the British. The film depicts the life of the South African politician Paul Kruger and his eventual defeat by the British during the Boer War.
My Life for Ireland is a Nazi propaganda movie from 1941 directed by Max W. Kimmich, telling a story of an Irish nationalist family and their involvement in the Irish struggle of independence over two generations. The movie was produced for Nazi-occupied Europe with the intent of challenging pro-British allegiances; yet in some cases it had the unintended effect of making audiences identify the Irish struggle with their own resistance against the Nazis.
Women Are Better Diplomats is a 1941 German musical comedy film directed by Georg Jacoby and starring Marika Rökk, Willy Fritsch and Aribert Wäscher. It was based on a novel by Hans Flemming. The film was the first German feature film to be made in colour, and was one of the most expensive films produced during the Third Reich. The film met with a positive public response and was among the most popular German films of the early war years.
Warn That Man is a 1943 British comedy thriller film directed by Lawrence Huntington and starring Gordon Harker, Raymond Lovell and Finlay Currie.
During World War II, the entertainment industry changed to help the war effort. Often the industry became more closely controlled by national governments, who believed that a supportive home front was crucial to victory. Through regulation and censorship, governments sought to keep spirits high and to depict the war in a positive light. They also found new ways to use entertainment media to keep citizens informed.
Alfred Braun was a German screenwriter, actor and film director.
Rolf Weih (1906–1969) was a German film actor.
Else von Möllendorff was a German film actress who appeared in a mixture of lead and supporting roles during the Nazi and post-war eras.
Diesel is a 1942 German biographical film directed by Gerhard Lamprecht and starring Willy Birgel, Hilde Weissner, and Paul Wegener. It portrays the life of Rudolf Diesel, the German inventor of the diesel engine. It was one of a series of prestigious biopics made in Nazi Germany portraying genius inventors or artists struggling against the societies in which they live. The film was based on a biography by Eugen Diesel, one of Diesel's children.
Das dumme Gänslein(The Silly Goose) is one in a trio of German animated short films produced in 1944 by Hans Fischerkoesen, who was the chief animator and author. It is a tale of a female goose consumed by adventure and urban glamour in her countryside life, who had to be saved from a cunning fox by her friends and family. The moral of the tale was not be extravagant and adventurous due to its consequences and it not being what one would expect, and promoting that people should live a ‘normal’ German family life. The animation has an underling theme of Nazi propaganda. It symbolises the Völkisch ideology to be traditionally conventional, demonstrating the idea that a woman's main purpose was to produce ‘true’ German children, and not be individualistic or sexually sinful. It represents that if you vary from the traditional German life then the consequences could be dire, possibly leading to death. This can relate to the Nazi fear policy, by which people who opposed the regime or were seen as asocial, were punished and it could have eventually lead to their death. The film also indirectly contains anti-Semitism through the character of the cunning fox.
Toni von Bukovics (1882–1970) was an Austrian stage and film actress.
Otto Guelstorff was a German art director. He worked on around fifty films during his career.
The Hostivar Studios are film studios located in the Czech capital Prague. During the German Occupation of Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1945, along with the larger Barrandov Studios they were used by the German-owned companies for productions as well as some Czech-language films. Particularly in the later years of the Second World War, many major German productions were shot in Prague to avoid the heavy bombing on Berlin. Following the war, they were taken over by the nationalised Czech film industry. In 1947 they burned down, but were rebuilt and enlarged. Later they were converted into television studios.
Daniel Uziel is an Israel historian and head of photographic collections at Yad Vashem. His doctoral thesis was on the Wehrmacht propaganda corps and was accepted in 2001 by Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
References
- ↑ Major, P. (2008). "Britain and Germany: A Love-Hate Relationship?". German History. 26 (4): 457–468. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghn045. ISSN 0266-3554.
- ↑ Bytwerk, Randall L. (2008). "Jo Fox.Film Propaganda in Britain and Nazi Germany: World War II Cinema.:Film Propaganda in Britain and Nazi Germany: World War II Cinema". The American Historical Review. 113 (2): 567–568. doi:10.1086/ahr.113.2.567. ISSN 0002-8762.
- ↑ Paris, Michael. "Paris on Film Propaganda in Britain and Nazi Germany: World War II Cinema" . Retrieved 2 March 2015.
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