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Svalbard and Jan Mayen is a statistical designation defined by ISO 3166-1 for a collective grouping of two remote jurisdictions of Norway: Svalbard and Jan Mayen. While the two are combined for the purposes of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) category, they are not administratively related. This has further resulted in the country code top-level domain .sj being issued for Svalbard and Jan Mayen, and ISO 3166-2:SJ. The United Nations Statistics Division also uses this code, but has named it the Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.
Barentsburg is the second-largest settlement in Svalbard, Norway, with about 455 inhabitants (2020). A coal mining town, the settlement was almost entirely made up of ethnic Russians and Ukrainians. With the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, most of the Ukrainian citizens were reported to have left.
The Svalbard Rocket Range or SvalRak as it is named, is a launch site for sounding rockets at Ny-Ålesund in Svalbard, Norway. The site has been in use since 1997 and is owned by Andøya Space Center, which is owned by the Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries and the Kongsberg Group. SvalRak's location at the 79th parallel north makes it well-suited for launching rockets to investigate Earth's magnetic field. It is used mostly by American, Japanese and Norwegian researchers. It is the world's northernmost launch site.
The University Centre in Svalbard is a Norwegian state-owned limited company that is involved in research and provides some higher education in Arctic studies. The company is wholly owned by the Ministry of Education and Research, and the universities of Oslo, Bergen, Tromsø, NTNU and NMBU appoint the board of directors. It is led by a director appointed by the board for a four-year term. The centre is the world’s northernmost research and higher education institution, in Longyearbyen at 78° N latitude. The courses offered fall into five main science disciplines: Arctic biology, Arctic geology, Arctic geophysics, Arctic technology and Arctic safety.
Olav V Land is a peninsula in eastern Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard named after Olav V of Norway. It is covered by the Olav V Icefield, measuring about 4,150 square kilometres (1,600 sq mi).
Oscar II Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The 30 km (19 mi) long glacier Sveabreen divides Oscar II Land from James I Land.
Nordenskiöld Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The area is named after Finnish-Swedish explorer and geologist Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. The coastal region of Nordenskiöld Land (Nordenskiøldkysten) has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding populations of barnacle geese and common eiders.
Bünsow Land is a land area at the inner end of Isfjorden at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It forms a peninsula between Billefjorden and Sassenfjorden and Tempelfjorden. Bünsow Land is named after Friedrich Christian Ernestus Bünsow.
Dickson Land is a land area between Isfjorden and Wijdefjorden at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It forms a peninsula between the Isfjorden branches Billefjorden and Dicksonfjorden. Dickson Land is named after Oscar Dickson.
Sabine Land is a land area on the east coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is named after explorer General Sir Edward Sabine. Among the glaciers in the area is the 250-square-kilometer (97 sq mi) Nordmannsfonna glacier.
James I Land is a land area on the northwestern part of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is named after King James I of England and Scotland. The 30 kilometer long glacier Sveabreen divides James I Land from Oscar II Land.
Finneset is a peninsula located on the east side of Grønfjorden on Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway. It is located 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) south of Barentsburg. A whaling station was located there until 1905. From 1911 it became the site of the first wireless station in the Arctic, named Svalbard Radio from 19 September 1925. It was also a meteorological station operated by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Both services moved to Longyearbyen on 1 September 1930. It is named for being a fine place to land a ship.
Svalbard Radio is a coast radio station established in 1911 at Finneset in Svalbard, Norway. In 1930, it moved to Skjæringa in Longyearbyen and since 1975 it has been co-located with Svalbard Airport, Longyear. It has been remote-controlled from Bodø Radio since 2006.
Hiorthhamn is an abandoned settlement located on the east side of Adventfjorden on the island of Spitsbergen in Svalbard, Norway. It served as a coal mining camp from 1917 to 1921 operated by De Norske Kullfelter Spitsbergen. The settlement was named for the company's director, Fredrik Hiorth (1851–1923). Muskox were introduced in the area from Greenland in 1929, and the camp took the name Moskushamn in 1938. It reverted to its original name in 2002.
Sassendalen is a valley at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The valley is among the largest valleys of Svalbard, and continues westwards into Sassenfjorden. Part of the valley divides Sabine Land and Nordenskiöld Land. The river Sassenelva runs through the valley.
Lomonosovfonna is an ice cap at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glacier is located northeast of the fjord Billefjorden. It covers an area of about 600 square kilometers, and divides Ny-Friesland from Olav V Land. It is named after Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.
Rabotbreen is a glacier in Sabine Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glacier is a tributary glacier to Fimbulisen, and is located in the upper part of Sassendalen. Nearby mountains are Bairdfjellet and Moskusryggen.
Petuniabukta is a bay in Dickson Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It constitutes the northern branch of Billefjorden. The bay is named after the Scottish vessel SS Petunia. Northwest of the bay is the valley of Hørbyedalen and the glacier of Hørbyebreen.
Bairdfjellet is a mountain in Sabine Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 857 m.a.s.l. and is situated between the glaciers of Hayesbreen and Fimbulisen/Rabotbreen.
References
- ↑ "Fimbulisen (Svalbard)". Norwegian Polar Institute . Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ↑ Lauritzen, Per Roger, ed. (2009). "Fimbulisen". Norsk Fjelleksikon (in Norwegian). Arendal: Friluftsforlaget. ISBN 978-82-91-49547-7.
78°22′22″N17°55′09″E / 78.3728°N 17.9193°E
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