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A castrato is a type of classical male singing voice equivalent to that of a soprano, mezzo-soprano, or contralto. The voice is produced by castration of the singer before puberty, or it occurs in one who, due to an endocrinological condition, never reaches sexual maturity.
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The year 1722 in music involved some significant events.
This article lists the most significant events and works of the year 1720 in music.
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Johann David Heinichen was a German Baroque composer and music theorist who brought the musical genius of Venice to the court of Augustus II the Strong in Dresden. After he died, Heinichen's music attracted little attention for many years.
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Orlando is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel written for the King's Theatre in London in 1733. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Carlo Sigismondo Capece's L'Orlando after Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, which was also the source of Handel's operas Alcina and Ariodante. More an artistic than a popular success at its first performances, Orlando is today recognised as a masterpiece.
Ottone, re di Germania is an opera by George Frideric Handel, to an Italian–language libretto adapted by Nicola Francesco Haym from the libretto by Stefano Benedetto Pallavicino for Antonio Lotti's opera Teofane. It was the first new opera written for the Royal Academy of Music (1719)'s fourth season and had its first performance on 12 January 1723 at the King's Theatre, Haymarket in London. Handel had assembled a cast of operatic superstars for this season and the opera became an enormous success.
Antonio Maria Bernacchi was an Italian castrato, composer, and teacher of singing. He studied with Francesco Antonio Pistocchi. His pupils included Farinelli, for a brief period during 1727, and the tenor Anton Raaff. Nowadays Bernacchi is best remembered for his association with the composer George Frideric Handel, in six of whose operas he sang.
The Royal Academy of Music was a company founded in February 1719, during George Frideric Handel's residence at Cannons, by a group of aristocrats to secure themselves a constant supply of opera seria. It is not connected to the London conservatoire with the same name, which was founded in 1822.
Giusto Fernando Tenducci, sometimes called "il Senesino", was a soprano (castrato) opera singer and composer, who passed his career partly in Italy but chiefly in Britain.
Giovanni Ambrogio Migliavacca was an Italian poet and librettist. A student and protégé of Metastasio, he was primarily active in the court theaters of Dresden and Vienna. His most successful work was the libretto for the opera Solimano, first set by Johann Adolph Hasse in 1753 and subsequently set by 18 other composers in the course of the next 50 years.
Santa Stella was an Italian soprano. She was also known as Santa Stella Scarabelli and after her marriage to Antonio Lotti on 12 February 1714 as Santa Lotti or La Santini.
Livia Nannini Costantini was a Polish naturalised Italian soprano, known as "La Polacchina, Virtuosa del Re di Polonia" as well as "Virtuosa della corte di Mantova".
References
- ↑ Janice B. Stockigt Jan Dismas Zelenka: A Bohemian Musician at the Court of Dresden 0198166222 2000 -"The offending aria came from Heinichen's opera Flavio Crispo, a work he would never see performed. This dismissal of the Italian singers achieved two objectives: Friedrich August I was able to bring the opera to an end, thereby alleviating great financial commitments..."
- ↑ George J. Buelow A History of Baroque Music 2004 -0253343658 Page 474 "Heinichen contributed a new opera, Flavio Crispo, whose performance in 1720 was canceled by the Elector when he dismissed the entire Italian opera ensemble after learning that Berselli and Senesino had created an embarrassing scene created an embarrassing scene during rehearsal. Senesino accused the composer of ineptitude in setting the Italian text, tore up the music ..."
- ↑ Samantha Owens, Barbara M. Reul, Janice B. Stockigt Music at German Courts, 1715-1760: Changing Artistic Priorities 2011 - 1843835983 "... the return to Venice of Lotti and various members of his company in the latter part of 1719, the remaining singers including the castratos Berselli and Senesino caused a major disruption to a rehearsal of Heinichen's opera Flavio Crispo."
- ↑ Goldberg: Early Music Magazine - Volumes 47-49 - 2007 -Page 52 "Heinichen was also active in Dresden, where he composed both instrumental and sacred music; he wrote but a single opera, Flavio Crispo (1720) for the court of the Elector of Saxony. The score of the work, which was never staged, has survived."