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Smoking bans, or smoke-free laws, are public policies, including criminal laws and occupational safety and health regulations, that prohibit tobacco smoking in certain spaces. The spaces most commonly affected by smoking bans are indoor workplaces and buildings open to the public such as restaurants, bars, office buildings, schools, retail stores, hospitals, libraries, transport facilities, and government buildings, in addition to public transport vehicles such as aircraft, buses, watercraft, and trains. However, laws may also prohibit smoking in outdoor areas such as parks, beaches, pedestrian plazas, college and hospital campuses, and within a certain distance from the entrance to a building, and in some cases, private vehicles and multi-unit residences.
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Passive smoking is the inhalation of tobacco smoke, called passive smoke, secondhand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), by individuals other than the active smoker. It occurs when tobacco smoke diffuses into the surrounding atmosphere as an aerosol pollutant, which leads to its inhalation by nearby bystanders within the same environment. Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke causes many of the same diseases caused by active smoking, although to a lower prevalence due to the reduced concentration of smoke that enters the airway.
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Takeshi Hirayama was a Japanese cancer epidemiologist and anti-tobacco activist who served as the chief of the epidemiology division at the National Cancer Center in Tokyo from 1965 until 1985. He has been credited with publishing the first study linking passive smoking to lung cancer, and also conducted research on the relationship between certain dietary factors and cancer.
Truth Initiative is a nonprofit tobacco control organization "dedicated to achieving a culture where all youth and young adults reject tobacco". It was established in March 1999 as a result of the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement between the attorneys general of 46 states, the District of Columbia and five United States territories, and the tobacco industry. Truth Initiative is best known for its youth smoking prevention campaign. Its other primary aims include conducting tobacco control research and policy studies, organizing community and youth engagement programs and developing digital cessation and prevention products, including through revenue-generating models. The organization changed its name from the American Legacy Foundation to Truth Initiative on September 8, 2015, to align its name with that of its Truth campaign. As of 2016, the organization had more than $957 million in assets and a staff of 133 based primarily in its Washington, D.C., office.
The Foundation for a Smoke-Free World is an organization focused on smoking harm reduction founded in 2017. In May 2024, it changed its name to Global Action to End Smoking. The World Health Organization (WHO) urged not to collaborate with this front organization of the tobacco industry.
References
- ↑ Kress, E (2004). "Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI)". Tobacco Control. 13 (Suppl 1): i67–i69. PMC 1766152 . PMID 14985620.
- ↑ "SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT; BROIN VS. PHILLIP MORRIS INC., ET AL." Council for Tobacco Research. Bates no. 70063347/3379. October 9, 1997. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mje07c00 Archived 2011-04-29 at the Wayback Machine .
- ↑ "FAMRI Grantees 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016.
- ↑ "Medical research institute". milliondollarlist.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ↑ "Famri". hopkins-famri.org. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ↑ "Broin". archive.tobacco.org. 23 December 2016. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
