Florida Board of Accountancy

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The Florida Board of Accountancy (FLBOA) regulates Certified Public Accountants and Certified Public Accounting Firms for the State of Florida. The FLBOA is created in Florida Statutes Chapter 473 [1] and is administered by the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR). Florida Statutes Chapter 473 permits the FLBOA to establish rules that are codified in the Florida Administrative Code (FAC) in sections 61H1-19 through 61H1-39.

Contents

Composition

The FLBOA members are appointed by the Governor of the State of Florida [2] and confirmed by the Florida Senate. [3] There are nine members, seven are licensed CPAs and two are public members who are not and have never been a CPA.

Roles

The FLBOA has three main functions:

All current and past members of the FLBOA are members of the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA).

Licensing

The Florida Board of Accountancy handles applications to sit for the Uniform CPA Examination. [4] The requirements to take the Uniform CPA Examination include:

The Florida Board of Accountancy also handles applications for licenses for individual license to practice public accounting. The requirements for individual licensure include:

The Florida Board of Accountancy also handles applications for firm licenses. Firms are required to have a Firm license if they

Firms without an office in Florida may practice in Florida without a license, if

Discipline

Florida's disciplinary system is complaint based. All complaints are administered on a confidential basis. Complaints are presented to a Probable Cause Panel to determine if there is probable cause that there is a violation of Florida Statutes or Administrative Code. If no probable cause is not found or if the Probable Cause Panel issues a letter of guidance in lieu of a finding of probable cause, the matter is closed and remains a confidential issue. If probable cause is found, the matter is made public and brought before the Board at a Public Meeting. Discipline is considered and if approved is evidenced through a Final Order.

Rulemaking

The Florida Board of Accountancy is authorized by Florida Statutes Chapter 455 Professions [5] and Chapter 473 Public Accountancy. [6] These laws establish authority to create the Board of Accountancy and create, amend and repeal administrative rules. The Administrative Rules are contained in the Florida Administrative Code, Chapter 61H1-19 thru 39. [7] The provisions of these rules may be temporarily or permanently waived by a majority vote of the Board.

Affected persons, or licensees, may request the Board of Accountancy make a "Declaratory Statement" [8] interpreting how the Board will rule on a matter in advance. The licensee must provide specific facts and circumstances and the Declaratory Statement only applies to those specific facts and circumstances. The most recent Declaratory Statement covered accounting and tax services provided to companies in the marijuana industry. [9]

On January 31, 2019, Governor Ron DeSantis convened a "Deregathon" for Florida Regulatory Boards. Also attending were Lieutenant Governor Jeanette Nuñez and DBPR Secretary Halsey Beshears. The purpose of the Deregathon was to begin the process of reducing unnecessary regulations facing Floridians with a goal to strengthen the state's economy. The Florida Board of Accountancy participated in the event and identified several issues impacting Statutes, Administrative Rule and policy. [10] With a regularly scheduled Board meeting the following day, the BOA began rulemaking on issues identified in the Deregathon.

History

Florida Governor Napoleon B. Broward signed the Florida Accountancy Act in 1905, beginning the regulation of the public accounting profession in 1905. The Act began both the regulation of CPA's and the regulation of unlicensed activity in Florida. In 1927, Florida prohibited the use of "public accountant" by nonlicensees. In 1937, the Board used that power to prohibit the use of "public accountant" in the case Abess v. Heller. The courts granted the injunction and Heller appealed leading to the Florida Supreme Court decision in 1938 upholding the ability to license unregulated activity. The Florida Supreme Court narrowed the ability of the Board of Accountancy to limit unlicensed activity in the 1957 case Florida Accountants Association v. Dandelake. The court ruled that unlicensed activity could only be limited if the accountant used the title CPA or PA or if the public was confused in the title of a CPA and a non-CPA. The Accountancy Act was changed in 1969 to remove the restriction of non-CPAs practicing public accounting, recognizing that many accounting activities could be performed by non CPAs so long as the public was not confused.

National firms enter Florida

The movement towards national and international enterprises who relied on larger CPA firms and more national and international CPA firms led to problems in Florida. The Florida regulations required that all partners and CPAs be licensed in Florida. Other than three firms grandfathered in before the licensing requirements, CPA firms would need to obtain a temporary license for each engagement because even one partner in another state who did not have a Florida CPA license could prevent a Firm from being licensed in Florida. Two cases heard by the Florida Supreme Court, Mercer v. Hemmings (1964 and 1966), limited the ability of the State to restrict national firms from practicing in Florida. The election in 1967 of Florida Governor Claude Kirk, the first Republican governor since reconstruction, a progrowth governor resulted in the appointment of Board of Accountancy members who favored allowing national firms to practice in Florida. R. Bob Smith, on behalf of the national firms, led an effort to separate the Board of Accountancy (a Florida Regulatory body) and the Florida Institute of Certified Public Accountants (a membership organization representing the CPA profession). In 1967, Clifford Beasely was the executive director of both entities. Mr. Beasley remained the FICPA executive director and Douglas Thompson, an auditor with the Auditor General of the State of Florida, became the executive director of the Board of Accountancy. In 1969, the Accountancy Act was amended to permit national firms to practice public accounting in Florida. The last impediment to national firms practicing public accounting in Florida was the requirement that all partners be CPAs, limiting the ability for firms with Tax and Consulting partners who were not licensed CPAs. in 1997, the Board of Accountancy Act was amended to require only a majority of partners be licensed CPAs.

Continuing professional education

In 1969, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants recommended mandatory continuing professional education (CPE) to improve quality in the profession. Following this movement, in 1973 Florida enacted a law requiring 90 hours of continuing professional education every three years. Statutory changes over the next 30 years led to the current law passed in 2004 requiring 80 hours of continuing professional education every two years. In 2009, Chapter 473 was amended to require 4 CPE hours in Ethics replacing of a previous requirement for licensees to take and pass a laws and rules examination. In 2019, the Florida enacted legislation reducing the required Accounting and Auditing from 20 hours to 8 hours every two years. [11]

Increasing college credit from 120 hours to 150 hours

Also in 1969, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants recommended additional education beyond the bachelor's degree as a requirement for licensure. Over the next ten years, Florida discussed increasing the number of college credits required for licensure. In 1979, the State of Florida enacted the 150 hour requirement, becoming only the second state to enact such requirement. The requirement was phased in beginning in 1984. Ultimately, all 50 states would follow and the 150 hour requirement of college credit is now the standard for the profession in the United States. [12]

Advertising by CPAs

During the 1990s, Florida was a party in two US Supreme Court cases shaped the way the CPA profession was regulated.

Peer Review

Peer Review began as a concept in the 1960s as a way of self-regulation of the CPA profession, where peer CPA's would review the CPA practice of another CPA and conclude on whether CPA was following standards. in 1972, the American Institute began a program to review firms who audited public companies. US congressional hearings to determine if government oversight of the profession resulted in the 1976 Metcalf Report "The Accounting Establishment" [16] . In 1988, the American Institute made Peer Review a Mandatory requirement for Firm membership. Several states began requiring Peer Review as a condition for licensure. Two famous accounting scandals in 2001 and 2002 (Enron and WorldCom) would lead to the 2002 enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). SOX would replace Peer Review for public company auditors with a structure for government inspections of CPA firms. Florida was slow to enact any Peer Review legislation. Finally in 2013, Florida became the 49th state to enact Peer Review legislation. Florida's Peer Review statute only requires enrollment in a Peer Review program and does not require completion of a Peer Review. [17]

Peer Review was first designed as a process to improve practices of CPA firms and the original intent was to be rehabilitative in nature. As such, generally, the peer review reports are used as a basis for discipline. Some states have gone beyond the original intent and required CPA firms to provide Peer Review reports to their State Accountancy Board, posted Peer Review Reports on public websites or used the issuance of multiple failed Peer Reviews as a basis for discipline. Also, the Governmental Accountability Office [18] has issued the Yellow Book, [19] which requires CPA Firms that issue audit reports on financial statements or performance audit reports to provide their Peer Review report to the client prior to commencing the audit.

Executive directors

The executive director of the Florida Board of Accountancy shared the position of the executive director of Florida Institute of Certified Public Accountants at its inception until 1968:

Board members

The board members with terms of service are noted below. Also noted are terms as chair and vice chair.

Prior board members have included:

*Deceased during term

Accountancy license mobility

The Florida Board of Accountancy has adopted both individual mobility for CPAs and firm mobility for CPA Firms.

Individual mobility

NASBA and the AICPA changed the Uniform Accountancy Act in 2007 to encourage mobility of CPA licenses. The concept of mobility allows a CPA to be licensed in its Home State and then to practice as a CPA in other states without completing the unique regulatory requirements of the other states. The principle of mobility is based on three things: 1) no notice requirement of the non home state, 2) no fee paid to the non home state, and 3) agreement to abide by the laws of the non home state and accepting jurisdiction of discipline of the non home state. Florida enacted Individual mobility in 2009. [21] Hawaii is the only state yet to enact mobility. [22]

Firm mobility

NASBA and the AICPA further changed the Uniform Accountancy Act in 2014 to encourage mobility of CPA Firm licenses. [23] The concept of Firm mobility allows a CPA Firm to be licensed in states where it has a physical office to practice as a CPA Firm in other states without completing the unique regulatory requirements of the other states. CPA Firm mobility requires compliance with Peer Review requirements and CPA ownership requirements. Florida enacted Firm mobility in 2017. [24] Approximately 26 have either enacted or are in the process of enacting Firm mobility.

Related Research Articles

Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the process of recording and processing information about economic entities, such as businesses and corporations. Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of stakeholders, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used interchangeably.

Professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation, often called simply certification or qualification, is a designation earned by a person to assure qualification to perform a job or task. Not all certifications that use post-nominal letters are an acknowledgement of educational achievement, or an agency appointed to safeguard the public interest.

An accountant is a practitioner of accounting or accountancy. Accountants who have demonstrated competency through their professional associations' certification exams are certified to use titles such as Chartered Accountant, Chartered Certified Accountant or Certified Public Accountant, or Registered Public Accountant. Such professionals are granted certain responsibilities by statute, such as the ability to certify an organization's financial statements, and may be held liable for professional misconduct. Non-qualified accountants may be employed by a qualified accountant, or may work independently without statutory privileges and obligations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American Institute of Certified Public Accountants</span> American trade group of financial transaction trackers

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) is the national professional organization of Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in the United States, with more than 428,000 members in 130 countries. Founded in 1887 as the American Association of Public Accountants (AAPA), the organization sets ethical standards and U.S. auditing standards. It also develops and grades the Uniform CPA Examination. AICPA is headquartered in Durham, North Carolina, and maintains additional offices in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Ewing, New Jersey.

Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is the title of qualified accountants in numerous countries in the English-speaking world. It is generally equivalent to the title of chartered accountant in other English-speaking countries. In the United States, the CPA is a license to provide accounting services to the public. It is awarded by each of the 50 states for practice in that state. Additionally, all states except Hawaii have passed mobility laws to allow CPAs from other states to practice in their state. State licensing requirements vary, but the minimum standard requirements include passing the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination, 150 semester units of college education, and one year of accounting-related experience.

Certified General Accountant (CGA) is a professional designation granted to Canadian accountants. A person who meets the education, experience and examination requirements of the Certified General Accountants of Canada (CGA-Canada) is entitled to use the professional designation and add the letters "CGA" to their title. A CGA is jointly a member of CGA-Canada and a provincial or territorial CGA association, or a CGA association overseas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Association of Chartered Certified Accountants</span> Global professional organization

The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is the global professional accounting body offering the Chartered Certified Accountant qualification (CCA). Founded in 1904, It is now the fourth-largest professional accounting body in the world, with 252,500 members and 526,000 student members. ACCA's headquarters are in London with principal administrative office in Glasgow. ACCA works through a network of over 110 offices and centres in 51 countries - with 346 Approved Learning Partners (ALP) and more than 7,600 Approved Employers worldwide, who provide employee development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South African Institute of Chartered Accountants</span> Institute in South Africa

The South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA), South Africa’s pre-eminent accountancy body, is widely recognised as one of the world’s leading accounting institutes. The institute provides a wide range of support services to more than 48,000 members and associates who are chartered accountants (CAs(SA)), as well as associate general accountants (AGAs(SA)) and accounting technicians (ATs(SA)).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India</span> National professional accounting body in India

The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, abbreviated as ICAI, is India's largest professional accounting body under the administrative control of Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. It was established on 1 July 1949 as a statutory body under the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 enacted by the Parliament for promotion, development and regulation of the profession of Chartered Accountancy in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Financial Reporting Council</span> Regulator responsible for promoting high quality corporate governance

The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) is an independent regulator in the UK and Ireland based in London Wall in the City of London, responsible for regulating auditors, accountants and actuaries, and setting the UK's Corporate Governance and Stewardship Codes. The FRC seeks to promote transparency and integrity in business by aiming its work at investors and others who rely on company reports, audits and high-quality risk management.

The National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) is an association dedicated to serving the 56 state boards of accountancy. These are the boards that regulate the accountancy profession in the United States of America.

The Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination is the examination administered to people who wish to become Certified Public Accountants in The United States of America. The CPA Exam is used by the regulatory bodies of all fifty states plus the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the Northern Mariana Islands.

The International Qualification Examination (IQEX) is an examination sat by certain non-U.S. qualified accountants seeking the Certified Public Accountant designation in the United States.

British qualified accountants are full voting members of United Kingdom professional bodies that evaluate individual experience and test competencies for accountants.

Accountancy in Hong Kong is regulated by the HKICPA under the Professional Accountants Ordinance. The auditing industry for limited companies is regulated under the Companies Ordinance, and other Ordinances such as the Securities and Futures Ordinance, the Listing Rules, etc.

The Florida Institute of Certified Public Accountants (FICPA) is a professional membership organization headquartered in Orlando. The FICPA represents approximately 18,500 CPAs and accounting professionals in Florida and beyond. Shelly Weir is the FICPA's president Julian Dozier, CPA, is the institute's 2022–2023 Board Chair.

In the United States, the state governments have jurisdiction for issuing most professional licenses to individuals and corporations. In areas that naturally cross states' borders, the national government may be the issuer. Thus the Federal Aviation Administration certificates pilots and other aviation related professionals, such as mechanics and instructors. The Federal Communications Commission certifies persons operating and repairing amateur and many commercial radio transmitters. The Environmental Protection Agency requires that technicians recycling Freon be examined. In many of these areas the federal government approves organizations to test and certify applicants who meet its standards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California Board of Accountancy</span> American government agency

The California Board of Accountancy (CBA), created by statute in 1901, is a semi-autonomous State of California agency under the California Department of Consumer Affairs whose purpose is to protect consumers by ensuring only qualified licensees practice public accountancy in accordance with established professional standards in California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya</span>

The Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK) is a professional body for certified public accountants (CPAs) in Kenya. ICPAK is a full member of the International Federation of Accountants and the Pan African Federation of Accounting.

Canada was the second nation in the world to formally organize its accounting profession, after the United Kingdom, but it occurred in a fragmented manner by both locality and specialty. It would only begin to experience significant consolidation from 2012 onwards.

References

  1. ↑ "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes :->2011->Chapter 473 : Online Sunshine". www.leg.state.fl.us. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  2. ↑ "Governor Rick Scott". www.flgov.com. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  3. ↑ "Calendar for 1/31/2018 - The Florida Senate". www.flsenate.gov. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
  4. ↑ "Licensing Portal - Checklist Details". www.myfloridalicense.com. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  5. ↑ "Chapter 455 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate". flsenate.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  6. ↑ "Chapter 473 - 2017 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate". flsenate.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  7. ↑ "Div. 61H1: Board of Accountancy - Florida Administrative Rules, Law, Code, Register - FAC, FAR, eRulemaking". www.flrules.org. Retrieved 2018-02-25.
  8. ↑ "Certified Public Accounting – Declaratory Statements – MyFloridaLicense.com". www.myfloridalicense.com. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  9. ↑ "Florida Issues Ethics Guidance for Accountants Advising Marijuana Businesses | JD Supra". JD Supra. Retrieved 2018-02-26.
  10. ↑ "Governor Ron DeSantis Kicks Off Deregathon in Orlando".
  11. ↑ "House Bill 977 (2019) - The Florida Senate". www.flsenate.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
  12. ↑ Lloyd, Turman (2007). FICPA Honoring Tradition, Defining Excellence, Creating the Future. FICPA - Tallahassee, FL: Self Published. pp. 24–32, 44–4862–68.
  13. ↑ "National Law Journal". National Law Journal. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
  14. ↑ "Justia US Supreme Court" . Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  15. ↑ "FindLaw's United States Eleventh Circuit case and opinions". Findlaw. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  16. ↑ Investopedia Staff (2010-11-15). "Metcalf Report". Investopedia. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  17. ↑ "Florida Peer Review Statute". www.hortyspringer.com. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  18. ↑ "GAO". GAO.
  19. ↑ "Yellow Book Standards".
  20. ↑ "Governor Ron DeSantis Appoints Four to the Board of Accountancy". FLGOV.com. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  21. ↑ "AICPA Individual Mobility" (PDF).
  22. ↑ "California Passes Mobility".
  23. ↑ "AICPA Firm Mobility".
  24. ↑ "Changes to Accountancy Laws".
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