Flowering Sunday

Last updated
These flowering Sunday grave decorations were photographed in South Wales circa 1907 Flowering Sunday grave decorations in South Wales circa 1907 (first postcard).jpg
These flowering Sunday grave decorations were photographed in South Wales circa 1907
A depiction of 19th century Welsh cemetery decoration practices from 1853 by the artist Thomas Onwyn Gwisgo Bedd a Blodau - Dressing the grave with flowers - by Thomas Onwyn (1853).jpg
A depiction of 19th century Welsh cemetery decoration practices from 1853 by the artist Thomas Onwyn

In southern Wales and nearby portions of England, Sul y Blodau or Flowering Sunday is a grave decoration tradition commonly observed on Palm Sunday, although historically Flowering Sunday grave decoration was also observed on other days as well. It is traditional to whitewash and decorate graves with flowers on Flowering Sunday. Today, the names Palm Sunday and Flowering Sunday are used interchangeably in Wales. Scholars Alan and Karen Jabbour have postulated that Flowering Sunday might be connected to Appalachian and Liberian Decoration Day cemetery traditions. [1] Flowering Sunday is also known as Blossom Sunday in some portions of England. [2]

Contents

History of Welsh cemetery decoration

Flowering Sunday cemetery cleaning and decoration traditions may have begun as an Easter celebration or seasonal rite before becoming more commonly associated with Palm Sunday. According to historical documentation gathered by Early Tourists in Wales, there are two distinct but related Welsh cemetery decoration traditions relating to the placing of flowers and other plants. The first cemetery decoration tradition involves decorating the grave immediately after burial and then at intervals afterwards, meaning that flowers could be seen in church and cathedral graveyards throughout the year.

All the evidence suggests that this custom was practiced over most of Wales probably as early as the 17th century and definitely during the 18th and 19th centuries. There are very few customs and traditions which can be shown to have been so widespread in Wales at this time. [2]

According to the "Early Tourists in Wales project", Flowering Sunday is the second cemetery decoration tradition which is today practiced on the Saturday before Palm Sunday (Sul y Blodau in Welsh, literally ‘flowers Sunday’ but often translated as ‘flowering Sunday’). As with the first cemetery decoration tradition, graves are cleaned or whitewashed and then decorated. Contemporary accounts indicate that Flowering Sunday became widespread in southeast Wales and nearby parts of England beginning in the mid-19th century. [2]

Earliest recorded practices

Evidence suggests that before 1800 flowers were put on graves on Easter Sunday in some parts of Wales. Edward Williams (Iolo Morganwg, 1747-1826) and others recorded cemetery decoration during other times of the year on Whit Sunday, St. John the Baptist's Day, and Christmas Day.

As early as 1786, cleaning and flower decorations were attested by William Matthews during a tour of South Wales. [3] Richard Warner attested in 1797 "the ornamenting of the graves of the deceased with various plants and flowers, at certain seasons, by the surviving relatives" and noted that Easter was the most popular time for this tradition. By 1803, Malkin's observations reflect the shift away predominantly associating the custom with Easter:

These flowering Sunday grave decorations were photographed in South Wales circa 1907 Flowering Sunday grave decorations in South Wales circa 1907 (second postcard).jpg
These flowering Sunday grave decorations were photographed in South Wales circa 1907

It is very common to dress the graves on Whitsunday and other festivals, when flowers are to be procured. The stones at each end of the grave are whitened with lime every Christmas, Easter and Whitsun. In the Easter week most generally the graves are newly dressed, and manured with fresh earth, when such flowers or ever-greens as may be wanted or wished for are planted. In the Whitsuntide Holidays, or rather the preceding week, the graves are again looked after, weeded, and otherwise dressed, or, if necessary, planted again. [4]

Peter Roberts characterized these practices in 1815: "In many parts, and especially in South Wales, the friends of the deceased take much and laudable pains to deck the grave with flowers. A bordering of slate or stones, is nicely run around it, and the top bound in by stones, laid with taste, in a tessellated manner, which has an ornamental effect..." [5]

In 1829 Thomas Wallace, of Llanbadoc, Monmouthshire, published a poem which contains the first known reference to the custom being practiced only on Palm Sunday. By 1839, Charles Redwood referred to this tradition of cleaning and decorating graves on Palm Sunday as the "old custom": "All the village were there, engaged, after the old custom, in trimming and adorning the graves of their deceased relatives. Some were raising the sides with fresh turf, and putting fresh earth upon the surface; and others whitewashed the stones at the ends; while the women planted rosemary and rue, and the girls brought baskets of spring flowers, crocuses, daffodils and primroses, which were placed in somewhat fantastic figures upon all the graves." [6]

Popularity in the late 1800s

During the second half of the 19th century, newspapers reported on large crowds visiting cemeteries: 10,000 visited the new cemetery in Cardiff in 1879 which increased to 20,000 in 1889 and 50,000 in 1898. 25,000 people were observed at Swansea cemetery on Flowering Sunday in 1906. [7]

Modern practice

Flowering Sunday practices spread during the early 20th century to the majority of Wales and bordering parts of England. In the 21st century, Flowering Sunday is still practiced in Wales but artificial flowers and other changes in decoration practice mean that many graves are decorated throughout the year. Christmas has also been attested as an active period for modern Welsh cemetery decoration. [7]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">All Souls' Day</span> Day for commemoration of all the faithful departed

All Souls' Day, also called The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed, is a day of prayer and remembrance for the faithful departed, observed by certain Christian denominations on 2 November. Through prayer, intercessions, alms and visits to cemeteries, people commemorate the poor souls in purgatory and gain them indulgences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Easter egg</span> Decorated egg for the celebration of Easter

Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are eggs that are decorated for the Christian feast of Easter, which celebrates the resurrection of Jesus. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide. The oldest tradition, which continues to be used in Central and Eastern Europe, is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Easter</span> Christian commemoration of the resurrection of Jesus

Easter, also called Pascha or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial following his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary c. 30 AD. It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus Christ, preceded by Lent, a 40-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palm Sunday</span> Christian moveable feast preceding Easter

Palm Sunday is a Christian moveable feast that falls on the Sunday before Easter. The feast commemorates Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, an event mentioned in each of the four canonical Gospels. Palm Sunday marks the first day of Holy Week. For adherents of mainstream Christianity, it is the last week of the Christian solemn season of Lent that precedes the arrival of Eastertide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Day of the Dead</span> Mexican multi-day holiday

The Day of the Dead is a holiday traditionally celebrated on November 1 and 2, though other days, such as October 31 or November 6, may be included depending on the locality. It is widely observed in Mexico, where it largely developed, and is also observed in other places, especially by people of Mexican heritage. Although related to the simultaneous Christian remembrances for Hallowtide, it has a much less solemn tone and is portrayed as a holiday of joyful celebration rather than mourning. The multi-day holiday involves family and friends gathering to pay respects and to remember friends and family members who have died. These celebrations can take a humorous tone, as celebrants remember funny events and anecdotes about the departed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Memorial Day</span> U.S. federal holiday

Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for mourning the U.S. military personnel who have died while serving in the United States armed forces. It is observed on the last Monday of May. From 1868 to 1970 it was observed on May 30.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Egg decorating</span> Type of ritual art

Egg decorating is the art or craft of decorating eggs. It has been a popular art form throughout history because of the attractive, smooth, oval shape of the egg, and the ancient associations with eggs as a religious and cultural symbol. Egg decorating has been associated with Easter in recent times, but was practiced independently by many ancient cultures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Headstone</span> Stele or marker, usually stone, placed over a grave

A headstone, tombstone, or gravestone is a stele or marker, usually stone, that is placed over a grave. It is traditional for burials in the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim religions, among others. In most cases, it has the deceased's name, date of birth, and date of death inscribed on it, along with a personal message, or prayer, but may contain pieces of funerary art, especially details in stone relief. In many parts of Europe, insetting a photograph of the deceased in a frame is very common.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pussy willow</span> Name for willow trees in early spring

Pussy willow is a name given to many of the smaller species of the genus Salix when their furry catkins are young in early spring. These species include :

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastertide</span> Festal season in the liturgical year of Christianity

Eastertide or Paschaltide is a festal season in the liturgical year of Christianity that focuses on celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. It begins on Easter Sunday, which initiates Easter Week in Western Christianity, and Bright Week in Eastern Christianity. There are several Eastertide customs across the Christian world, including sunrise services, exclaiming the Paschal greeting, clipping the church, and decorating Easter eggs, a symbol of the empty tomb.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">God's Acre</span>

God's Acre is a churchyard, specifically the burial ground. The word comes from the German Gottesacker, an ancient designation for a burial ground. The use of "Acre" is related to, but not derived from the unit of measurement and can be of any size. In the early 17th century the term was used as a translation of the German, but by the end of the century it was accepted as an English term.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">All Saints' Day</span> Christian feast day

All Saints' Day, also known as All Hallows' Day, the Feast of All Saints, the Feast of All Hallows, the Solemnity of All Saints, and Hallowmas, is a Christian solemnity celebrated in honour of all the saints of the church, whether they are known or unknown.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Egg decorating in Slavic culture</span> Tradition

The tradition of egg decoration in Slavic cultures originated in pagan times, and was transformed by the process of religious syncretism into the Christian Easter egg. Over time, many new techniques were added. Some versions of these decorated eggs have retained their pagan symbolism, while others have added Christian symbols and motifs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lent</span> Christian observance

Lent is a solemn religious observance in the liturgical calendar commemorating the 40 days Jesus spent fasting in the desert and enduring temptation by Satan, according to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke, before beginning his public ministry. Lent is observed in the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Methodist, Moravian, Oriental Orthodox, Persian, United Protestant and Roman Catholic traditions. Some Anabaptist, Baptist, Reformed, and nondenominational Christian churches also observe Lent, although many churches in these traditions do not.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Funeral practices and burial customs in the Philippines</span> Customs for the dead commonly practiced in the Philippines

During the Pre-Hispanic period the early Filipinos believed in a concept of life after death. This belief, which stemmed from indigenous ancestral veneration and was strengthened by strong family and community relations within tribes, prompted the Filipinos to create burial customs to honor the dead through prayers and rituals. Due to different cultures from various regions of the Philippines, many different burial practices have emerged. For example, the Manobos buried their dead in trees, the Ifugaos seated the corpse on a chari before it was brought to a cave and buried elsewhere. The most common forms of traditional burials are supine pits, earthenware jars, and log coffins, and have been a topic of interest among Philippine archaeologists since the early 20th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Osterbrunnen</span>

The Osterbrunnen is a German tradition of decorating public wells or fountains with Easter eggs for Easter. It began in the early 20th century in the Franconian Switzerland region of Upper Franconia but has spread to other regions. The decoration is usually kept from Good Friday until two weeks after Easter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Easter palm</span>

An Easter palm is a traditional Polish and Lithuanian symbolic decoration associated with Palm Sunday. Barbara Ogrodowska states that the ceremonial palm branch is the "most important attribute" of Palm Sunday in Poland. Communities of Polish emigrants, such as those in the United States, observe the tradition of making of Easter palms as well.

Cemetery Sunday is an annual ancestor veneration observance held in Roman Catholic and other cemeteries in some areas of Ireland and along routes of Irish migration. Parishioners prepare by cleaning family graves and, in some cemeteries, decorating the graves. Grave decorations incorporate flowers as well as crafts and mementos. In cemeteries where a priest is not available, Cemetery Sunday may still be held absent the formal service and blessing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Decoration Day (tradition)</span> Tradition of group ancestor veneration observances

Decoration Days in Southern Appalachia and Liberia are a living tradition of group ancestor veneration observances which arose by the 19th century. The tradition was subsequently preserved in various regions of the United States, particularly in Utah Mormon culture. While Decoration practices are localized and can be unique to individual families, cemeteries, and communities, common elements unify the various Decoration Day practices and are thought to represent syncretism of Christian cultures in 19th century Southern Appalachia with pre-Christian influences from the British Isles and Africa. Appalachian and Liberian cemetery decoration traditions pre-date the United States Memorial Day holiday.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Easter in Poland</span>

Easter in Poland, a public holiday, is one of that country's major holidays, often compared in importance to Christmas. Associated with it are many specific customs and traditions.

References

  1. Alan Jabbour; Karen Singer Jabbour (2010). Decoration Day in the Mountains: Traditions of Cemetery Decoration in the Southern Appalachians. Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN   978-0-8078-3397-1 . Retrieved May 28, 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 "Early Tourists in Wales: Flowers on Graves". Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
  3. Matthews, William (1786). The miscellaneous companions, Vol. I Being a short tour of observation and sentiment, through a part of South Wales. pp. 50–51.
  4. Malkin (1904). The Scenery, Antiquities, and Biography of South Wales from materials collected during two excursions in the year 1803. Embellished with views drawn on the spot and engraved by Laporte and a map of the county. pp. 67–69.
  5. Roberts, Peter (1815). The Cambrian Popular Antiquities, or an Account of Some Traditions, Customs, and Superstitions of Wales. pp. 177–178.
  6. Redwood, Charles. The Vale of Glamorgan: Scenes and Tales among the Welsh. pp. 305–306.
  7. 1 2 "Early Tourists in Wales: Sul y Blodau". Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.