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Fraktion ( English : faction or fraction) is the name given to recognized parliamentary groups in the German Bundestag. [1] In order to form a recognized parliamentary group (Fraktion), a lesser group ( Gruppe ) needs at least 5% of the members of the Bundestag. [2] As there is also a 5% election threshold, with parties over this threshold usually getting assigned more than 5% of the seats, almost all groups can nearly automatically declare themselves factions, but due to conflicts, or as a result of below-threshold access granted to regional groups, this is not always the case. Also, even a group has to have at least three members to become recognized as a Gruppe and gain more rights than the individuals have.
Following German unification in October 1990, members of the East German parliament joined, resulting in some joint ventures until the 1990 German federal election in December.
In the early years of the Bundestag, 1949 to 1960, several parties had faction or group status before disappearing.
The Bundestag is the German federal parliament and the lower of two federal chambers, opposed to the upper chamber, the Bundesrat. It is the only federal representative body that is directly elected by the German people, comparable to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom or the United States House of Representatives. The Bundestag was established by Title III of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany and thus it is the historical successor to the earlier Reichstag.
Alliance 90/The Greens, often simply referred to as Greens, is a green political party in Germany. It was formed in 1993 by the merger of the Greens and Alliance 90. The Greens had itself merged with the East German Green Party after German reunification in 1990.
The German Green Party has been present in the German parliament (Bundestag) continuously since 29 March 1983 as a parliamentarian party. The status as a fraktion was lost from 1990 to 1994, being demoted to a Gruppe (group), after only the East German wing managed to pass the 5% election threshold in the December 1990 German federal election.
Katrin Dagmar Göring-Eckardt is a German politician of the German Green Party. Starting her political activity in the now-former German Democratic Republic in the late 1980s, she has been a member of the German Bundestag since 1998. She became co-chair of her party caucus in the Bundestag (2002–2005) and the Greens' Vice President of the Bundestag on 18 October 2005, a position that she held until 2013 and would later reprise in 2021. In the November 2012 primary election, the Green Party chose her and Jürgen Trittin as the top two candidates for the Greens for the 2013 German federal election. She also stood as joint top candidate for the Greens in the 2017 German federal election, alongside Cem Özdemir..
Federal elections were held in Germany on 24 September 2017 to elect the members of the 19th Bundestag. At stake were at least 598 seats in the Bundestag, as well as 111 overhang and leveling seats determined thereafter.
Germany's balanced budget amendment, also referred to as the debt brake, is a fiscal rule enacted in 2009. The law, which is in Article 109, paragraph 3 and Article 115 of the Basic Law, Germany's constitution, is designed to restrict structural budget deficits at the federal level and limit the issuance of government debt. The rule restricts annual structural deficits to 0.35% of GDP.
Katharina Dröge is a German economist and politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as co-chair of the Green Party’s parliamentary group in the Bundestag since 2021, alongside Britta Haßelmann. She previously served as one of the group’s managers from 2018 to 2021. She has been a member of the Bundestag since 2013.
Irene Mihalic is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens from Gelsenkirchen. A former police officer, Mihailic has been a member of the Bundestag since 2013.
Matthias Gastel is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since 2013.
Harald Ebner is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-Württemberg since 2011.
Maria Anna Klein-Schmeink is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2009.
Markus Kurth is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2002.
Sven Lehmann is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2017.
Steffi Lemke is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety, and Consumer Protection in Chancellor Olaf Scholz's cabinet since 2021.
Beate Müller-Gemmeke is a German politician. of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-Württemberg since 2009.
Manuel Ferdinand Theodor Sarrazin is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Hamburg from 2008 to 2021. Since 2022, he has been serving as Special Representative for the Countries of the Western Balkan in the government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz.
Kordula Schulz-Asche is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Hesse since 2013.
Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Hesse from 2008 till 2013 and again since 2014.
Ute Granold is a German politician and member of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU). She was a member of the German Bundestag from 2002 to 2013, where she was most recently the chairwoman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group in the Committee on Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid.
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