In computer networking, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link layer communications protocol used to establish a direct connection between two nodes. It connects two routers directly without any host or any other networking device in between. It can provide connection authentication, transmission encryption, and compression.
An Internet exchange point is the physical infrastructure through which Internet service providers (ISPs) and content delivery networks (CDNs) exchange Internet traffic between their networks.
PAIX, the 'Palo Alto Internet eXchange' was a neutral Internet exchange point.
Established in 1988, Telehouse is a major carrier-neutral colocation, ICT solutions and managed services provider based in Docklands, London. It operates eight facilities spread between London, Paris and Frankfurt. Part of the global Telehouse network of data centres, the brand has 45 colocation facilities in 26 major cities around the world including Moscow, Istanbul, Johannesburg, Cape Town, Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, Vietnam, Seoul, Tokyo, New York and Los Angeles. KDDI, Telehouse's Japanese telecommunications and systems integration parent company, operates data centre facilities in America and Asia. Telehouse has ISO/IEC 27001:2005 and ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004 accreditations across many of its sites in Europe.
Trend Micro TippingPoint’s Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) deals with IT threat protection. Combining new application-level security practical with user awareness and inbound/outbound messaging inspection capabilities. The scalable NGIPS protects the user’s applications, network and data from new threats. The TippingPoint NGIPS protects the user’s network from the sophisticated attacks.
8x8 Inc. is a provider of cloud communications and customer engagement solutions. 8x8 solutions include cloud-based voice, contact center, video, mobile and unified communications for small, medium to enterprise businesses.
Cogent Communications is a multinational internet service provider based in the United States. Cogent's primary services consist of Internet access and data transport, offered on a fiber optic, IP data-only network, along with colocation in data centers.
The Ghana Internet eXchange (GIX) is an Internet exchange point which serves Internet traffic in Ghana. GIX allows local Internet service providers and network operators to easily exchange traffic within Ghana, while improving connectivity and services for their customers. GIX was officially launched on October 18, 2005 at the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT.
MSK-IX is an Internet eXchange Point (IXP) with headquarters in Moscow, Russia. With over 500 connected networks and 2,8Tbps of peak traffic, MSK-IX is one of the world's largest IXPs. MSK-IX operates Internet eXchanges (IXes) in 9 cities: Moscow, St.Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Samara, Kazan, Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok and maintains an access PoP in Riga (Latvia). MSK-IX operates a distributed DNS platform, which provides authoritative name servers for the country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs) .RU and .РФ for Russia.
Hifn was a semiconductor manufacturer founded in 1996 as a corporate spin-off from Stac Electronics. Its name was originally styled as Hi/fn, and located in Carlsbad, California. The company was later headquartered in Los Gatos, California, and had offices in North America, Europe and Asia. It designed and sold security processors. It was acquired by Exar in 2009.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Internet.
DE-CIX is a carrier- and data center-neutral internet exchange point (IXP) situated in Frankfurt, Germany. It is the largest exchange point worldwide in terms of peak traffic with a maximum throughput of more than 6.7 Tbit/s. In addition to DE-CIX in Frankfurt, DE-CIX operates internet exchange points in Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Munich, New York City, Dallas, Dubai (UAE-IX), Palermo, Marseille, Istanbul, and Mumbai.
GMX Mail is a free advertising-supported email service provided by GMX. Users may access GMX Mail via webmail as well as via POP3 and IMAP4 protocols. Founded in 1997, GMX is a subsidiary of United Internet AG, a stock-listed company in Germany, and a sister company to 1&1 Internet and Fasthosts Internet. In addition to an email address, each GMX account includes a Mail Collector, Address Book, Organizer, and File Storage. Every user can register up to 10 individual GMX email addresses. Premium or not, users are greeted by pop up ads at login. GMX is currently the only big email provider to support popup ads. Currently GMX Mail has more than 11 million active users.
LIPEX has now closed down and is no longer active.
United Internet AG is a global Internet services company headquartered in Montabaur, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The company is structured in two business areas, Access and Applications and contains a total of 13 brands and numerous subsidiaries. It is the parent company of 2 major email providers and with the brand 1&1 and its 2.91 million DSL customer contracts, it owns leading ISP in Germany.
Stockholm Internet eXchange (STHIX) is a carrier- and data center-neutral internet exchange point (IXP) situated in Stockholm (Sweden). It's the second largest IXP in Sweden in terms of both bandwidth (average/peak) and number of members. Peak bandwidth is above 145 gigabit per second.
Grenoble Internet eXchange or GrenoblIX is the Internet eXchange point (IXP) of Grenoble in Isère and Auvergne – Rhône-Alpes region. GrenoblIX allows to the connected members to exchange the traffic in order to avoid passing by faraway infrastructures. This Internet eXchange point is managed by the non-profit organization Rezopole, founded in 2001.
