Fred Kirschenmann

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Fred Kirschenmann (born February 4, 1935) is an American professor, organic farmer, and a leader in the sustainable agriculture movement. He is board president of Stone Barns Center for Food and Agriculture and the former director of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture. [1] [2] He is considered "one of the most prominent spokesmen for the sustainable farming movement." [3]

Contents

Early life and education

Frederick Ludwig Kirschenmann was born on February 4, 1935 in Medina, North Dakota. [4] He grew up on his family's farm in Streeter, North Dakota. He received his undergraduate degree at Yankton College. He attended the Hartford Theological Seminary. He earned a PhD in philosophy from the University of Chicago. [5]

He began his career teaching religion and philosophy at Yankton College. He then went on to be director of the Consortium for Higher Education Religion Studies (CHERS) in Dayton, Ohio. He then became a dean at Curry College. [6]

Career

In 1970, while working as an instructor and administrator at CHERS, he was struck by his student David Vetter's research showing how heavy doses of nitrogen fertilizer lead to the deterioration of soil. Vetter found that the heavy use of chemical inputs in conventional farming created what he called a "chemical treadmill": "Farmers would use a pesticide, then find the next year that bugs had grown resistant, forcing them to resort to newer, more expensive products." [7] [8] [9] [10]

In 1976, after his father suffered a heart attack, Fred offered to move back to the farm, on the condition that he could run it organically. The farm was certified organic in 1980. It is planted with diverse crops to allow for crop rotation that has allowed him to farm productively without synthetic fertilizers or pesticides, creating a rich deep soil. [9]

Once establishing his farm, Kirschenmann returned to academia and worked for several different nonprofit organizations in order to advance the cause of sustainable agriculture. [11]

In 1979, he helped found and served as the first president of the Northern Plains Sustainable Agriculture Society from 1983 to 1988. [12]

In 1994, he joined the board of the Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. In 1997, He became its president. [6]

Kirschenmann served as the director of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture from July 2000 to November 2005. He currently holds the position of distinguished fellow. [13]

He has been an advisor and been interviewed for several documentaries including American Meat, Symphony of the Soil, [14] and Dreaming of a Vetter World. [15] Kirschenmann was featured in the 1995 documentary My Father's Garden, by Miranda Productions, Inc. The film appeared at the Sundance Film Festival in 1996 and won a number of prestigious awards.[ citation needed ]

He has been appointed to USDA's National Organic Standards Board and the National Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production operated by the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.[ citation needed ]

Awards and honors

Kirschenmann has received numerous honors and awards for his work, including the 2011 James Beard Foundation Leadership award, the 2012 Sustainable Agriculture Achievement Award from Practical Farmers of Iowa, the 2014 Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), the 2014 One World Award for Lifetime Achievement, and the 2014 Thought Leader award from the Natural Resources Defense Council. [16]

Stone Barns marked Kirschenmann's 80th birthday by launching the annual Kirschenmann Lecture at its campus. The inaugural lecture was given by writer Wendell Berry. [17]

Books and publications

In April 2010, a collection of his essays Cultivating an Ecological Conscience: Essays from a Farmer Philosopher was published by the University Press of Kentucky. [18]

Personal life

He is married to the environmental lawyer Carolyn Raffensperger. [7] He was previously married to Edith Marie Hults and Janet Lee Robinson.

He has two children, Ann Marie and Damon Frederick.

Related Research Articles

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Organic farming, also known as ecological farming or biological farming, is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. It originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices. Certified organic agriculture accounts for 70 million hectares globally, with over half of that total in Australia. Biological pest control, mixed cropping, and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged. Organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally-occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances. For instance, naturally-occurring pesticides such as pyrethrin are permitted, while synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are generally prohibited. Synthetic substances that are allowed include, for example, copper sulfate, elemental sulfur, and veterinary drugs. Genetically modified organisms, nanomaterials, human sewage sludge, plant growth regulators, hormones, and antibiotic use in livestock husbandry are prohibited. Organic farming advocates claim advantages in sustainability, openness, self-sufficiency, autonomy and independence, health, food security, and food safety.

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Sustainable agriculture is farming in sustainable ways meeting society's present food and textile needs, without compromising the ability for current or future generations to meet their needs. It can be based on an understanding of ecosystem services. There are many methods to increase the sustainability of agriculture. When developing agriculture within sustainable food systems, it is important to develop flexible business processes and farming practices. Agriculture has an enormous environmental footprint, playing a significant role in causing climate change, water scarcity, water pollution, land degradation, deforestation and other processes; it is simultaneously causing environmental changes and being impacted by these changes. Sustainable agriculture consists of environment friendly methods of farming that allow the production of crops or livestock without causing damage to human or natural systems. It involves preventing adverse effects on soil, water, biodiversity, and surrounding or downstream resources, as well as to those working or living on the farm or in neighboring areas. Elements of sustainable agriculture can include permaculture, agroforestry, mixed farming, multiple cropping, and crop rotation.

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The environmental impact of agriculture is the effect that different farming practices have on the ecosystems around them, and how those effects can be traced back to those practices. The environmental impact of agriculture varies widely based on practices employed by farmers and by the scale of practice. Farming communities that try to reduce environmental impacts through modifying their practices will adopt sustainable agriculture practices. The negative impact of agriculture is an old issue that remains a concern even as experts design innovative means to reduce destruction and enhance eco-efficiency. Animal agriculture practices tend to be more environmentally destructive than agricultural practices focused on fruits, vegetables and other biomass. The emissions of ammonia from cattle waste continue to raise concerns over environmental pollution.

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References

  1. ↑ Shattuck, Kathryn (2013-01-03). "Satisfying the Need for Dirty Fingernails". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
  2. ↑ Carmen, Tim (2011-05-10). "The future of food is now". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  3. ↑ Damrosch, Barbara (2009-01-01). "A Cook's Garden - Young Farmers' Numbers Look Promising". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  4. ↑ Keeney, Dennis (30 July 2021). "Kirschenmann, Fred". Iowa State University Biographical Dictionary.
  5. ↑ "Fred Kirschenmann".
  6. 1 2 "More about Fred Kirschenmann" (PDF). www.leopold.iastate.edu. 2000. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  7. 1 2 Groves, Martha (1997-07-21). "Bringing Farms Back to Nature". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
  8. ↑ "Organic Pioneer Sees Hope for Movement's Future". National Geographic. June 11, 2015. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020.
  9. 1 2 Furbank, Lani (October 26, 2016). "Ten Questions with Fred Kirschenmann, Distinguished Fellow at Leopold Center".
  10. ↑ "Video". www.youtube.com. 20 June 2012. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  11. ↑ "Fred Kirschenmann | Alternative Farming Systems Information Center| NAL | USDA". www.nal.usda.gov.
  12. ↑ "NPSAS History | Northern Plains Sustainable Ag Society".
  13. ↑ Keeney, Dennis (30 July 2021). "Kirschenmann, Fred". Iowa State University Biographical Dictionary.
  14. ↑ "Future of Food and Agriculture".
  15. ↑ "Screening of new documentary about organic farming pioneer". 19 August 2019.
  16. ↑ "Fred Kirschenmann, winner of NRDC's Growing Green "Thought Leader" award". April 15, 2010.
  17. ↑ "The Kirschenmann Lecture".
  18. ↑ "Cultivating an Ecological Conscience".
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