Friedrich Christian Weber (died 1739) was an 18th-century Germandiplomat and writer.
He was born in Hanover and, after the succession of fellow Hanoverian George I of Great Britain to the throne of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1714, represented English interests at the Russian court of Peter the Great. He did not excel as a diplomat, but published one of the most important accounts of the period during and immediately after Peter's reign. His account, entitled "Das veraenderte Russland", appeared in three volumes in 1721, 1739 and 1740.
Weber returned from Russia in 1719. "Das veraenderte Russland" was translated into English and published in 1722-1723 as "The Present State of Russia", the second volume of which comprised Lorenz Lange's account of his first journey to China.
Literature
Das Veränderte Russland, in welchem die ietzige Verfassung Des Geist- und Weltlichen Regiments; der Krieges-Staat zu Lande und zu Wasser; Wahre Zustand der Rußischen Finantzen; die geöffneten Berg-Wercke; die eingeführte Academien, Künste, Manufacturen, ergangene Verordnungen, Geschäfte mit denen Asiatischen Nachbahren und Vasallen, nebst der allerneuesten Nachricht von diesen Völckern, Die Begebenheiten des Czarewitzen, und was sich sonst merckwürdiges in Rußland zugetragen, Nebst verschiedenen andern bißher unbekannten Nachrichten In einem Biß 1720. gehenden JOURNAL vorgestellet werden, Mit einer accuraten Land-Carte und Kupfferstichen versehen. Nicolaus Förster, Frankfurt 1721 (Online version at the LOC)
Ivan Rebroff was a German-born vocalist, allegedly of Russian ancestry, who rose to prominence for his distinct and extensive vocal range of four and a half octaves, ranging from the soprano to bass registers.
August Kopisch was a German poet and painter.
Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein was a German physician, explorer, botanist and zoologist.
Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim was a Saxon anatomist, entomologist and paleontologist.
Johann Mattheson was a German composer, singer, writer, lexicographer, diplomat and music theorist.
Karl Ludwig Sand was a German university student and member of a liberal Burschenschaft. He was executed in 1820 for the murder of the conservative dramatist August von Kotzebue the previous year in Mannheim. As a result of his execution, Sand became a martyr in the eyes of many German nationalists seeking the creation of a united German national state.
Lorenz or Lorents Lange was an official in 18th-century Siberia who dealt with Russo-Chinese trade and diplomacy. His reports were a major influence on Russian policy and an important early source of European knowledge of Siberia, Mongolia and China. He is usually said to have been a cornet in the Swedish cavalry who was taken prisoner at the Battle of Poltava in 1709.
Johann Heinrich Gottlob von Justi was one of the leading German political economists in the 18th century.
Isaac Jacob Schmidt was an Orientalist specializing in Mongolian and Tibetan. Schmidt was a Moravian missionary to the Kalmyks and devoted much of his labours to Bible translation.
Peter Roman Scholl-Latour was a German journalist and author.
There was significant emigration of Swiss people to the Russian Empire from the late 17th to the late 19th century. Rauber (1985) estimates that a number of 50,000 to 60,000 Swiss lived in Russia between roughly 1700 and 1917.
Heinrich Sylvester Theodor Tiling was a German–Russian physician and naturalist. During his later years he became an American citizen.
With the Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia in 1710 the Swedish dominions Estonia and Livonia were integrated into the Russian Empire following their conquest during the Great Northern War. The Livonian nobility and the city of Riga capitulated on 4 July (O.S.) / 15 July 1710 (N.S.), Pernau (Pärnu) in August, and the Estonian nobility and the city of Reval (Tallinn) on 29 September (O.S.) / 10 October (N.S.). Russia left the local institutions in place and confirmed the traditional privileges of the German nobles and burghers as was established in Privilegium Sigismundi Augusti, especially with respect to the Protestant faith. The land reform of the so-called reduction which had been introduced by the Swedish king Charles XI, and transformed many serfs to subjects of the Crown, was reversed.
Ernst Weyden was a scholar and member of the Faculty at the University of Cologne.
August Franz Ludwig Maria, Baron von Haxthausen-Abbenburg was a German agricultural scientist, economist, lawyer, writer, and collector of folk songs, best known for his account of conditions in Russia as revealed by his 1843 visit.
Franz Johann Joseph Bock (1823–1899) was a German theologian, archaeologist, and art historian.
Alexander Litschev is a Bulgarian historian and university lecturer in philosophical anthropology and the history of philosophy at the University of Düsseldorf.
Johann Gottlieb Tielke was an army officer and an internationally recognized military writer.
Johann Philipp Graumann was a German business mathematician, an expert on exchange rates and coinage, mint master in Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and Berlin, a mercantilist and Prussian financial advisor. He is considered one of the most important German monetary theorists of his time. As master of the mints in Prussia, he implemented a major coin reform, with the goal of implementing a new monetary standard to promote trade, increase seigniorage income and elevate the Prussian coins to the status of a reserve currency. Graumann was portrayed by his contemporaries as a dreamer, but with only a slight modification his coin standard remained in place in Germany until 1907.
Emanuel Hecht (1821–1862) was a German writer and educator from the 19th century. He was notable for writing Jewish devotional works and religious text books.
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