Fu Jing (Shang dynasty)

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Fu Jing
婦妌
Si Mu Wu Da Fang Ding (Fang Da Fu Zhi Pin ) - panoramio.jpg
Enlarged replica of the houmuwu ding with Fu Jing's temple name listed.
Queen of Shang dynasty
Burial
Spouse Wu Ding
Issue Zu Geng
Full name
Temple name
Houmuwu (后母戊)

Fu Jing was a Shang dynasty queen of Wu Ding and recipient of the Houmuwu sacrificial vessel. [1]

Contents

Biography

The Houmuwu Sacrificial Vessel HouMuWuDingFullView.jpg
The Houmuwu Sacrificial Vessel

Although Wu Ding reportedly had over 60 wives, he had only three queens: Fu Jing, Fu Hao, and Fu Shi (婦嬕). [1] [2] Like Wu Ding's other wives, Fu Jing participated in military expeditions, [3] reflected in inscriptions discussing whether to call her for an invasion against the Longfang:

貞勿呼婦妌伐龍方 [4]
Charge: Should we not call Fu Jing to invade the Longfang?

Fu Jing would also perform divination for the state. [3]

丁末卜X婦妌侑X賓X [5]
On the dingwei day, plastromancy was performed. [Charge]: Should Fu Jing perform a you-sacrifice [a] [for?] Bin [unknown]?

Some of the divinations Fu Jing conducted focused on procuring millet, so Zheng Zhenxiang has suggested that she was responsible for agricultural management. [1]

甲寅卜古貞婦妌受黍年 [6]
On the jiayin day, plastromancy was performed. Gu charges: Will Fu Jing receive a good millet harvest?

癸酉卜𬆩貞婦妌不其受黍年二月 [7]
On the guiyou day, plastromancy was performed. Nan charges: May Fu Jing not receive a millet harvest? Second month.

Several divinations were made by Nan and Zheng towards whether or not a pregnancy would go well, similar to Fu Zi.

壬午卜𬆩貞婦妌娩嘉 [8]
On the renwu day, plastromancy was performed. Nan charges: When Fu Jing gives birth, will it be a fortunate one?

X卜爭貞婦妌娩嘉王𰉏曰其惟庚娩嘉旬辛X婦妌娩允嘉二月 [9]
On [...] day, plastromancy was performed. Zheng charges: Will Fu Jing's pregnancy be a fortunate one? The King (Wu Ding) prognosticates: It may be the geng day where the pregnancy is auspicious; 10 days later, on a xin day, Fu Jing gave birth; Indeed, it was a fortunate one! Second month.

Fu Jing is often referred to in the oracle bones as Biwu (Chinese :妣戊). [1]

See also

Notes

  1. Sacrifice wherein an ancestor is beckoned to eat with the Shang

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Huang 黄, Qian 茜 (10 March 2016). "中国最早女将妇好墓首博特展:揭秘华夏首位女英雄" [Special exhibition of the tomb of Fu Hao, China's earliest female general: uncovering the first female hero of China]. Tencent (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  2. Boileau, Gilles. 2023. Shang dynasty's “nine generations chaos” and the reign of Wu Ding: towards a unilineal line of transmission of royal power. Bulletin of SOAS, Volume 86, Issue 2. pp. 293 - 315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X23000277
  3. 1 2 Zhou 周, Ying 英 (2014). "中国古代女性阅读史分期述略" [A brief introduction to the stages of Ancient Chinese women's written histories]. Xinshi Jitu Shiguan (in Chinese) (8): 75–78.
  4. 甲骨文合集 06585正
  5. 甲骨文合集 2722
  6. 甲骨文合集 09968正.3
  7. 甲骨文合集 09976正.2
  8. 甲骨文合集 14314.1
  9. 甲骨文合集 09976正.2