The Gardner equation is an integrable nonlinear partial differential equation introduced by the mathematician Clifford Gardner in 1968 to generalize KdV equation and modified KdV equation. The Gardner equation has applications in hydrodynamics, plasma physics and quantum field theory [1]
where and are constants.
In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which imposes relations between the various partial derivatives of a multivariable function.
In mathematics, the Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) equation is a mathematical model of waves on shallow water surfaces. It is particularly notable as the prototypical example of an exactly solvable model, that is, a non-linear partial differential equation whose solutions can be exactly and precisely specified. KdV can be solved by means of the inverse scattering transform. The mathematical theory behind the KdV equation is a topic of active research. The KdV equation was first introduced by Boussinesq and rediscovered by Diederik Korteweg and Gustav de Vries (1895).
In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation that relates one or more unknown functions and their derivatives. In applications, the functions generally represent physical quantities, the derivatives represent their rates of change, and the differential equation defines a relationship between the two. Such relations are common; therefore, differential equations play a prominent role in many disciplines including engineering, physics, economics, and biology.
In physics, a breather is a nonlinear wave in which energy concentrates in a localized and oscillatory fashion. This contradicts with the expectations derived from the corresponding linear system for infinitesimal amplitudes, which tends towards an even distribution of initially localized energy.
In mathematics, a hyperbolic partial differential equation of order is a partial differential equation (PDE) that, roughly speaking, has a well-posed initial value problem for the first derivatives. More precisely, the Cauchy problem can be locally solved for arbitrary initial data along any non-characteristic hypersurface. Many of the equations of mechanics are hyperbolic, and so the study of hyperbolic equations is of substantial contemporary interest. The model hyperbolic equation is the wave equation. In one spatial dimension, this is
In mathematics, the inverse scattering transform is a method for solving some non-linear partial differential equations. The method is a non-linear analogue, and in some sense generalization, of the Fourier transform, which itself is applied to solve many linear partial differential equations. The name "inverse scattering method" comes from the key idea of recovering the time evolution of a potential from the time evolution of its scattering data: inverse scattering refers to the problem of recovering a potential from its scattering matrix, as opposed to the direct scattering problem of finding the scattering matrix from the potential.
The Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation is the partial differential equation
In fluid dynamics, a cnoidal wave is a nonlinear and exact periodic wave solution of the Korteweg–de Vries equation. These solutions are in terms of the Jacobi elliptic function cn, which is why they are coined cnoidal waves. They are used to describe surface gravity waves of fairly long wavelength, as compared to the water depth.
In mathematics, the Novikov–Veselov equation is a natural (2+1)-dimensional analogue of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. Unlike another (2+1)-dimensional analogue of KdV, the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, it is integrable via the inverse scattering transform for the 2-dimensional stationary Schrödinger equation. Similarly, the Korteweg–de Vries equation is integrable via the inverse scattering transform for the 1-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The equation is named after S.P. Novikov and A.P. Veselov who published it in Novikov & Veselov (1984).
The Tzitzeica equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation devised by Gheorghe Țițeica in 1907 in the study of differential geometry, describing surfaces of constant affine curvature. The Tzitzeica equation has also been used in nonlinear physics, being an integrable 1+1 dimensional Lorentz invariant system.
Unnormalized KdV equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation
The Dodd–Bullough–Mikhailov equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation introduced by Roger Dodd, Robin Bullough, and Alexander Mikhailov.
The modified KdV–Burgers equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation
The Broer–Kaup equations are a set of two coupled nonlinear partial differential equations:
The Chafee–Infante equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation introduced by Nathaniel Chafee and Ettore Infante.
The Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson (DSW) equations are an integrable system of two coupled nonlinear partial differential equations proposed by Vladimir Drinfeld and Vladimir Sokolov, and independently by George Wilson:
The Estevez–Mansfield–Clarkson equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation introduced by Pilar Estevez, Elizabeth Mansfield, and Peter Clarkson.
The Fujita–Storm equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation. It occurs frequently in problems of nonlinear heat and mass transfer, combustion theory and theory of flows in porous media
The Hirota–Satsuma equation is a set of three coupled nonlinear partial differential equations:
The Schamel equation (S-equation) is a nonlinear partial differential equation of first order in time and third order in space. Similar to a Korteweg de Vries equation (KdV), it describes the development of a localized, coherent wave structure that propagates in a nonlinear dispersive medium. It was first derived in 1973 by Hans Schamel to describe the effects of electron trapping in the trough of the potential of a solitary electrostatic wave structure travelling with ion acoustic speed in a two-component plasma. It now applies to various localized pulse dynamics such as:
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