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Leslie Louise Van Houten is an American convicted murderer and former member of the Manson Family. During her time with Manson's group, she was known by various aliases such as Louella Alexandria, Leslie Marie Sankston, Linda Sue Owens and Lulu. Van Houten was arrested and charged in relation to the 1969 killings of Leno and Rosemary LaBianca. She was convicted and sentenced to death. However, the California Supreme Court decision on People v. Anderson then ruled in 1972 that the death penalty was unconstitutional, resulting in her sentence being commuted to life in prison. Her conviction was then overturned in a 1976 appellate court decision which granted her a retrial. Her second trial ended with a deadlocked jury and a mistrial. At her third trial in 1978, she was convicted of two counts of murder and one count of conspiracy and sentenced to seven years to life in prison. In relation to her case, high courts, parole boards and the state governor have said that an inexplicable or racial motive for murder could merit exemplary punishment and outweigh any evidence of subsequent reform.
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Robert William Latimer is a Canadian canola and wheat farmer who was convicted of second-degree murder in the death of his daughter Tracy. This case sparked a national controversy on the definition and ethics of euthanasia as well as the rights of people with disabilities, and led to two Supreme Court decisions, R. v. Latimer (1997), on section 10 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and later R. v. Latimer (2001), on cruel and unusual punishments under section 12 of the Charter. Latimer was released on day parole in March 2008 and was granted full parole in December 2010.
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Terry A. Blair is an American serial killer who was convicted of killing seven women of varying ages in Kansas City, Missouri, though investigators believe he may have additional unidentified victims.
Marsy's Law, the California Victims' Bill of Rights Act of 2008, enacted by voters as Proposition 9 through the initiative process in the November 2008 general election, is a controversial amendment to the state's constitution and certain penal code sections. The act protects and expands the legal rights of victims of crime to include 17 rights in the judicial process, including the right to legal standing, protection from the defendant, notification of all court proceedings, and restitution, as well as granting parole boards far greater powers to deny inmates parole. Critics allege that the law unconstitutionally restricts defendant's rights, by allowing prosecutors to withhold exculpatory evidence under certain circumstances, and harms victims by restricting their rights to discovery, depositions, and interviews. Passage of this law in California has led to the passage of similar laws in Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Ohio and Wisconsin, and efforts to pass similar laws in Hawaii, Iowa, Montana, Idaho, South Dakota, and Pennsylvania. In November 2017, Marsy's Law was found to be unconstitutional and void in its entirety by the Supreme Court of Montana for violating that state's procedure for amending the Montana Constitution.
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Khatun Sapnara is a Bangladeshi-born British judge. In 2006, she was appointed a Recorder of the Crown Court, becoming the first person of Bangladeshi origin in a senior judicial position. In 2014, she was appointed as a Circuit Judge to hear cases in the Crown and Family Court.
The New Zealand Parole Board is an independent statutory body established in 2002 that considers offenders for parole. Its task "is to undertake an assessment of the risk that long-term sentenced offenders might pose to the safety of the community if they were to be released before the end of their sentence". The Board also sets conditions of release for offenders so their reintegration back in to the community can be effectively managed. Once the conditions are set it becomes the responsibility of Community Corrections to manage the offender." 'Long term' is defined as more than 24 months. Short-term prisoners are automatically released after serving half their sentence.
Luis Felipe Restrepo, known commonly as L. Felipe Restrepo, is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and former United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
Professor Nicola Margaret Padfield QC (hon) is a British barrister and academic. She is the former Master of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, since her appointment in October 2013 and was succeeded to the position in October 2019 by Sally Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Huyton. She is Professor of Criminal and Penal Justice in the Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge. In addition to her academic work, she was a Recorder of the Crown Court from 2002 to 2014, and is a Bencher of the Middle Temple.
The Parole Board for Scotland is a tribunal non-departmental public body in Scotland first established in 1967, with responsibility for parole decisions. Its decision making and operating are independent of the Scottish Government, and many of its decisions are binding on Scottish Ministers. The Parole Board has statutory powers to:
David Anthony Farrell is a current UK circuit judge who holds the position of "Resident Judge" at Cambridge Crown Court. Farrell was appointed to the South Eastern Circuit on 18 July 2011.
Martin William Denton Beddoe is a British judge known for having presided over many high-profile criminal cases. He is a former Crown Court Recorder, member of the Parole Board of England and Wales and a tutor judge of the Judicial College. In March 2013 he was one of the judges appointed to hear an inquest into the death of Olaseni Lewis.
References
- ↑ "List of members of the judiciary > Circuit Judge List" . Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ↑ "South Eastern Circuit Latest Reports" . Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ↑ "New Appointments to the Parole Board" (Press release). Home Office. 9 November 2001. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ↑ "Probation Service". House of Commons Debates. Hansard. 9 February 2004. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ↑ Hawkesworth, Gareth (6 July 2012). "R -v- B Sentencing Remarks". Cambridge Crown Court. Sellers Legal Services. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ↑ de Castella, Tom; Holt, Gerry (6 December 2012). "Prison sentences: How do judges decide them?". BBC News. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ↑ "Reviving legal title which dates back to 15th century does justice to Cambridge" . Retrieved 1 November 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ "Cambridge City Council, Thursday, 24th October, 2013" . Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- "Teen rapist spared jail after judge rules he was 'corrupted by internet porn, world and society'". Daily Telegraph, 3 July 2012
- "Judge berates city's violent drink culture", Cambridge News, 20 September 2012
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