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Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each,taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays,with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team,called the pitcher,throws a ball that a player on the batting team,called the batter,tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team is to hit the ball into the field of play,away from the other team's players,allowing its players to run the bases,having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called "runs". The objective of the defensive team is to prevent batters from becoming runners,and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate.
The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931,it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). Until 2020,the winners received the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award,which became the official name of the award in 1944,in honor of the first MLB commissioner,Kenesaw Mountain Landis,who served from 1920 until his death on November 25,1944. Starting in 2020,Landis’name no longer appeared on the MVP trophy after the BBWAA received complaints from several former MVP winners about the late Commissioner’s role against integration of MLB.
The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is a history museum and hall of fame in Cooperstown,New York,operated by private interests. It serves as the central point of the history of baseball in the United States and displays baseball-related artifacts and exhibits,honoring those who have excelled in playing,managing,and serving the sport. The Hall's motto is "Preserving History,Honoring Excellence,Connecting Generations". Cooperstown is often used as shorthand for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum.
Jack Roosevelt Robinson was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era. Robinson broke the baseball color line when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15,1947. The Dodgers signing Robinson heralded the end of racial segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.
Samuel Peralta Sosa is a Dominican-American former professional baseball right fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for 19 seasons,primarily with the Chicago Cubs. After playing for the Texas Rangers and Chicago White Sox,Sosa joined the Cubs in 1992 and became regarded as one of the game's best hitters. Sosa hit his 400th home run in his 1,354th game and his 5,273rd at-bat,reaching this milestone quicker than any player in National League history. He is one of nine players in MLB history to hit 600 career home runs.
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization. One of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada,MLB comprises 30 teams,divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL),with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. Formed in 1876 and 1901,respectively,the NL and AL cemented their cooperation with the National Agreement in 1903,making MLB the oldest major professional sports league in the world. They remained legally separate entities until 2000,when they merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball. MLB is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan.
Peter Edward Rose Sr.,also known by his nickname "Charlie Hustle",is an American former professional baseball player and manager. Rose played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1963 to 1986,most prominently as a member of the Cincinnati Reds lineup known as the Big Red Machine for their dominance of the National League in the 1970s. He also played for the Philadelphia Phillies and the Montreal Expos. During and after his playing career,he served as the manager of the Reds from 1984 to 1989.
Willie Howard Mays Jr.,nicknamed "the Say Hey Kid",is a former center fielder in Major League Baseball (MLB). Regarded as one of the greatest players ever,Mays ranks second behind only Babe Ruth on most all-time lists,including those of The Sporting News and ESPN. Mays played in the National League (NL) between 1951 and 1973 for the New York / San Francisco Giants and New York Mets.
Rickey Nelson Henley Henderson is an American retired professional baseball left fielder who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for nine teams from 1979 to 2003,including four separate tenures with his original team,the Oakland Athletics. Nicknamed the "Man of Steal",he is widely regarded as baseball's greatest leadoff hitter and baserunner. He holds the major league records for career stolen bases,runs,unintentional walks and leadoff home runs. At the time of his last major league game in 2003,the ten-time American League (AL) All-Star ranked among the sport's top 100 all-time home run hitters and was its all-time leader in walks. In 2009,he was inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame on his first ballot appearance.
Nippon Professional Baseball or NPB is the highest level of baseball in Japan. Locally,it is often called Puro Yakyū (プロ野球),meaning Professional Baseball. Outside of Japan,it is often referred to as "Japanese baseball".
The Silver Slugger Award has been awarded annually since 1980 to the best offensive player at each position in both the American League and the National League,as determined by the coaches and managers of Major League Baseball.
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States. Over 600 women played in the league,which consisted of eventually 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948,league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team,the Rockford Peaches,won a league-best four championships. The 1992 film A League of Their Own is a mostly fictionalized account of the early days of the league and its stars.
JoséMiguel Cabrera Torres,nicknamed "Miggy",is a Venezuelan professional baseball first baseman,third baseman,and designated hitter for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Since his debut in 2003,he has been a two-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) award winner,a four-time AL batting champion,and a 12-time MLB All-Star. He has played at first and third base for most of his major league career,but primarily played left and right field before 2006. He claimed the 17th MLB Triple Crown in 2012,the first to do so in 45 seasons. In 2022,Cabrera became the third player in history with a career batting average above .300,500 home runs,and 3,000 hits,joining Hank Aaron and Willie Mays.
The 3,000-hit club is the group of 33 batters who have collected 3,000 or more regular-season hits in their careers in Major League Baseball (MLB),achieving a milestone "long considered the greatest measure of superior bat handling" and often described as a guarantee of eventual entry into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Baseball-Reference is a website providing baseball statistics for every player in Major League Baseball history. The site is often used by major media organizations and baseball broadcasters as a source for statistics. It offers a variety of advanced baseball sabermetrics in addition to traditional baseball "counting stats".
The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Since the 2006 season,the Cardinals have played their home games at Busch Stadium in downtown St. Louis. One of the nation's oldest and most successful professional baseball clubs,the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships,the most of any NL team and second in MLB only to the New York Yankees. The team has won 19 National League pennants,third-most of any team. St. Louis has also won 15 division titles in the East and Central divisions.
Michael Nelson Trout is an American professional baseball center fielder for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). Trout is an eleven-time MLB All-Star,three-time American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP),and is a nine-time winner of the Silver Slugger Award. He also captained the United States national team during the 2023 World Baseball Classic.
Shohei Ohtani,nicknamed "Shotime",is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher and designated hitter for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters of Nippon Professional Baseball's (NPB) Pacific League. Widely acclaimed for his skill in both pitching and batting,he has been compared to two-way players such as Babe Ruth and Bullet Rogan,although such comparisons draw debate given the difference in era and overall ability of modern players.
Minor League Baseball (MiLB) is professional baseball below Major League Baseball (MLB),including teams affiliated with MLB clubs and independent baseball leagues consisting of unaffiliated teams.
References
- Career statistics and player information from Baseball Reference
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