Agritourism or agrotourism involves any agriculturally based operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm or ranch.
Sorghum or broomcorn is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). Some of these species are grown as cereals for human consumption,in pastures for animals as fodder,and as bristles for brooms. Sorghum grain is a nutritious food rich in protein,dietary fiber,B vitamins,and minerals.
Organic farming,also known as ecological farming or biological farming,is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure,green manure,and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. It originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices. Certified organic agriculture accounts for 70 million hectares globally,with over half of that total in Australia. Biological pest control,mixed cropping,and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged. Organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally-occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances. For instance,naturally-occurring pesticides such as pyrethrin are permitted,while synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are generally prohibited. Synthetic substances that are allowed include,for example,copper sulfate,elemental sulfur,and veterinary drugs. Genetically modified organisms,nanomaterials,human sewage sludge,plant growth regulators,hormones,and antibiotic use in livestock husbandry are prohibited. Organic farming advocates claim advantages in sustainability,openness,self-sufficiency,autonomy and independence,health,food security,and food safety.
Rural sociology is a field of sociology traditionally associated with the study of social structure and conflict in rural areas. It is an active academic field in much of the world,originating in the United States in the 1910s with close ties to the national Department of Agriculture and land-grant university colleges of agriculture.
Frederick Howard Buttel was the William H. Sewell Professor of Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. A prominent scholar of the sociology of agriculture,Buttel was well known also for his contributions to environmental sociology.
Food sovereignty is a food system in which the people who produce,distribute,and consume food also control the mechanisms and policies of food production and distribution. This stands in contrast to the present corporate food regime,in which corporations and market institutions control the global food system. Food sovereignty emphasizes local food economies,sustainable food availability,and centers culturally appropriate foods and practices. Changing climates and disrupted foodways disproportionately impact indigenous populations and their access to traditional food sources while contributing to higher rates of certain diseases;for this reason,food sovereignty centers indigenous peoples. These needs have been addressed in recent years by several international organizations,including the United Nations,with several countries adopting food sovereignty policies into law. Critics of food sovereignty activism believe that the system is founded on inaccurate baseline assumptions;disregards the origins of the targeted problems;and is plagued by a lack of consensus for proposed solutions.
Environmental sociology is the study of interactions between societies and their natural environment. The field emphasizes the social factors that influence environmental resource management and cause environmental issues,the processes by which these environmental problems are socially constructed and define as social issues,and societal responses to these problems.
Rodney D. Huddleston is a British linguist and grammarian specializing in the study and description of English.
Critical ethnography applies a critical theory based approach to ethnography. It focuses on the implicit values expressed within ethnographic studies and,therefore,on the unacknowledged biases that may result from such implicit values. It has been called critical theory in practice. In the spirit of critical theory,this approach seeks to determine symbolic mechanisms,to extract ideology from action,and to understand the cognition and behaviour of research subjects within historical,cultural,and social frameworks.
Civic agriculture is the trend towards locally based agriculture and food production that is tightly linked to a community's social and economic development. It is also connected to the citizenship and environmentalism within a community. Civic agriculture is geared towards meeting consumer demands in addition to boosting the local economy in the process through jobs,farm to food production efforts,and community sustainability. The term was first coined by Thomas Lyson,professor of sociology at Cornell,to represent an alternative means of sustainability for rural agricultural communities in the era of industrialized agriculture. Civic agriculture is geared towards fostering a self sustainable local economy through an integral community structure in which the entire community is in some part responsible for their food production. Civic agriculture can provide a variety of benefits to a community such as cleaner water,fresher foods,and a better connection between farmers and the community. However,there are also critiques that are concerned with the way in which civic agriculture promotes community responsibility and possibly creates a false sense of citizenship. The intent of civic agricultural practices is to move away from the industrialized sector and into a localized community effort.
Gender roles in agriculture are a frequent subject of study by sociologists and farm economists. Historians also study them,as they are important in understanding the social structure of agrarian,and even industrial,societies. Agriculture provides many job opportunities and livelihoods around the world. It can also reflect gender inequality and uneven distribution of resources and privileges among gender.
Thomas Nixon Carver was an American economics professor.
Agricultural literacy is a phrase being used by several universities to describe programs to promote the understanding and knowledge necessary to synthesize,analyze,and communicate basic information about agriculture with students,producers,consumers,and the public. These programs focus on assisting educators and others to effectively incorporate information about agriculture into subjects being taught or examined in public and private forums and to better understand the impact of agriculture on society.
The IATP Food and Society Fellows Program provides two-year,part-time fellowships to professionals working to address health,social justice,economic viability,environmental,and other issues in food and farming systems.
Animal Production Science is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal for agriculture and animal science and published by CSIRO Publishing. Research articles in the journal focus on improving livestock and food production,and on the social and economic issues that influence primary producers. It is predominantly concerned with domesticated animals;however,contributions on horses and wild animals are also published where relevant.
Jock Robert Anderson is an Australian agricultural economist,specialising in agricultural development economics,risk and decision theory,and international rural development policy. Born in Monto,Queensland,he studied at the University of Queensland,attaining bachelor's and master's degrees in agricultural science. After graduation,Anderson joined the Faculty of Agricultural Economics at the University of New England. At New England,he focused on research in farm management,risk,and uncertainty and received a doctor of philosophy in economics in 1970. In 1977,Anderson co-authored a book,Agricultural Decision Analysis,which has served as an influential source on risk and decision analysis for agricultural economics researchers and the agricultural industry.
Doris Fuchs is a German Political Scientist and Professor of International Relations and Sustainable Development at the University of Münster.
Digital agriculture,sometimes known as smart farming or e-agriculture,is tools that digitally collect,store,analyze,and share electronic data and/or information in agriculture. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has described the digitalization process of agriculture as the digital agricultural revolution. Other definitions,such as those from the United Nations Project Breakthrough,Cornell University,and Purdue University,also emphasize the role of digital technology in the optimization of food systems.
Refugio I. Rochin is an American professor emeritus in agricultural and resource economics and Chicana/o studies at the University of California,Davis,director emeritus at the University of California,Santa Cruz,and instructor at Pennsylvania State University World Campus. He is an expert on rural Latinas/os and Latina/o Studies.
Professor Alana Mann is a food activist and interdisciplinary scholar researching the power relations between media,governments,institutions and citizens,in the field of food politics. She is co-founder of FoodLab Sydney,a business incubator to address issues around local food insecurity,based on the model pioneered by FoodLab Detroit. Mann is Professor and Head of Discipline (Media) at the University of Tasmania. She led the Department of Media and Communications at University of Sydney and was a key researcher in the Sydney Environment Institute;the Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Democracy Network;and in 2018 was a visiting scholar at both Harvard's Food Law and Policy Clinic and the Department of Development Sociology at Cornell University. She is author of Food in a Changing Climate (2021),Voice and Participation in Global Food Politics (2019) &Global Activism in Food Politics:Power Shift (2014).
