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Thurgood Marshall was an American civil rights lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1967 until 1991. He was the Supreme Court's first African-American justice. Prior to his judicial service, he was an attorney who fought for civil rights, leading the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Marshall was a prominent figure in the movement to end racial segregation in American public schools. He won 29 of the 32 civil rights cases he argued before the Supreme Court, culminating in the Court's landmark 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which rejected the separate but equal doctrine and held segregation in public education to be unconstitutional. President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court in 1967. A staunch liberal, he frequently dissented as the Court became increasingly conservative.
Warren County is a county located in the northeastern Piedmont region of the U.S. state of North Carolina, on the northern border with Virginia, made famous for a landfill and birthplace of the environmental justice movement. As of the 2020 census, its population was 18,642. Its county seat is Warrenton. It was a center of tobacco and cotton plantations, education, and later textile mills.
Vance County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,578. Its county seat is Henderson.
Nathaniel Macon was an American politician who represented North Carolina in both houses of Congress. He was the fifth speaker of the House, serving from 1801 to 1807. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1791 to 1815 and a member of the United States Senate from 1815 to 1828. He opposed ratification of the United States Constitution and the Federalist economic policies of Alexander Hamilton. From 1826 to 1827, he served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate. Thomas Jefferson dubbed him "Ultimas Romanorum"—"the last of the Romans", like Flavius Aetius.
Matthew Whitaker Ransom was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and a Democratic U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina between 1872 and 1895.
Eva McPherson Clayton is an American politician from North Carolina. On taking her seat in the United States House of Representatives following a special election in 1992, Clayton became the first African American to represent North Carolina in the House since George Henry White was elected to his second and last term in 1898. She was re-elected and served for five terms. In 2003, Clayton was appointed Assistant Director-General of the United Nations's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), based in Rome.
Rufus Clay Barringer was a North Carolina lawyer, politician, and Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War.
More than 1,500 African American officeholders served during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) and in the years after Reconstruction before white supremacy, disenfranchisement, and the Democratic Party fully reasserted control in Southern states. Historian Canter Brown Jr. noted that in some states, such as Florida, the highest number of African Americans were elected or appointed to offices after the end of Reconstruction in 1877. The following is a partial list of notable African American officeholders from the end of the Civil War until before 1900. Dates listed are the year that a term states or the range of years served if multiple terms.
Jonathan Jasper Wright was an African-American lawyer who served as a state senator and judge on the Supreme Court of the State of South Carolina during Reconstruction from 1870 to 1877.
The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" being a pejorative term for an African-American. Such laws remained in force until the 1960s. Formal and informal segregation policies were present in other areas of the United States as well, even if several states outside the South had banned discrimination in public accommodations and voting. Southern laws were enacted by white Southern Democrat-dominated state legislatures to disenfranchise and remove political and economic gains made by African Americans during the Reconstruction era.
Kemp Plummer was an American lawyer and politician. He was educated by George Wythe, once known as "the honest lawyer", and represented Warren County, North Carolina in the North Carolina House of Commons and later the North Carolina State Senate. He was a trustee of the University of North Carolina and grandfather of Kemp Plummer Battle.
George Meadows was an African American man who was lynched on January 15, 1889, in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States.
Harry B. Eaton was a state legislator in North Carolina. He lived in Williamsboro, North Carolina. He was African American. He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1883. He was re-elected to serve a term in 1885 before losing an election for a state senate seat.
Isaac Alston was a reverend and state legislator in North Carolina. He represented Warren County, North Carolina in the North Carolina Senate in 1870 and 1891. He lived in Warrenton, North Carolina. He was the only African American elected to the North Carolina Senate in 1890. Three African Americans were elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives that year.
George B. Willis was a state legislator in North Carolina. He represented Craven County in the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1870.
Edward Richard Dudley was a state legislator in North Carolina. He represented Craven County in the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1870 and 1872. He lived in New Bern. He was one of several African American state legislators who represented the area during the Reconstruction era.
Lewis Thomas Christmas was a reverend, teacher, school principal and state legislator in North Carolina. He represented Warren County, North Carolina, in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1879 to 1880.
William Patrick Mabson, Sr., was an American educator, minister, newspaper owner, editor, and politician. He was a state legislator in North Carolina for at least two terms, active during the Reconstruction era. Mabson was one of the founders of Freedom Hill, Edgecombe County, North Carolina.
Isham Sweat was a state legislator in North Carolina. He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives representing Cumberland County.
Richard Falkner was a state legislator in North Carolina. He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives for two terms from 1868 to 1871.
References
- ↑ Freedom’s Lawmakers by Eric Foner pages 126 and 127
- ↑ Justesen, Benjamin R. (2001). George Henry White: An Even Chance in the Race of Life. LSU Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-8071-2586-1.
- ↑ State, North Carolina Secretary of (April 17, 1913). "North Carolina Manual". North Carolina Historical Commission – via Google Books.
- ↑ Wellman, Manly Wade (2002). The County of Warren, North Carolina, 1586-1917. UNC Press Books. pp. 190–191. ISBN 978-0-8078-5472-3.
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