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Anesthesia or anaesthesia is a state of controlled,temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical or veterinary purposes. It may include some or all of analgesia,paralysis,amnesia,and unconsciousness. An individual under the effects of anesthetic drugs is referred to as being anesthetized.
Anesthesiology,anaesthesiology,or anaesthesia is the medical specialty concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before,during and after surgery. It encompasses anesthesia,intensive care medicine,critical emergency medicine,and pain medicine. A physician specialized in anesthesiology is called an anesthesiologist,anaesthesiologist,or anaesthetist,depending on the country. In some countries,the terms are synonymous,while in other countries they refer to different positions,and anesthetist is only used for non-physicians,such as nurse anesthetists.
Awareness under anesthesia,also referred to as intraoperative awareness or accidental awareness during general anesthesia (AAGA),is a rare complication of general anesthesia where patients regain varying levels of consciousness during their surgical procedures. While anesthesia awareness is possible without resulting in any long-term memory of the experience,it is also possible for victims to have awareness with explicit recall,where they can remember the events related to their surgery.
The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) is an educational,research and scientific association of physicians organized to raise the standards of the medical practice of anesthesiology and to improve patient care.
Henry Knowles Beecher was a pioneering American anesthesiologist,medical ethicist,and investigator of the placebo effect at Harvard Medical School.
Edward D. Miller Jr. was the Frances Watt Baker,M.D. and Lenox D. Baker Jr.,M.D. Dean of the Medical Faculty at Johns Hopkins University and the Chief Executive Officer of Johns Hopkins Medicine from 1997 to 2012.
Emery Neal Brown is an American statistician,neuroscientist,and anesthesiologist. He is the Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School and at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH),and a practicing anesthesiologist at MGH. At MIT he is the Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering and professor of computational neuroscience,the associate director of the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science,and the Director of the Harvard–MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology.
Harold Randall Griffith was a Canadian anesthesiologist and a leader in the fields of anesthesiology.
Paul Frederick White,FANZCA is a researcher in anesthesiology,research consultant at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center at Los Angeles,retired professor and former holder of the Margaret Milam McDermott Distinguished Chair of Anesthesiology at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,and the author and editor of several journals and textbooks on the subject. With over 450 peer-reviewed publications and authorship in 9 anesthesiology textbooks,White has helped shape and revolutionize the field of ambulatory anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia.
Neurosurgical anesthesiology,neuroanesthesiology,or neurological anesthesiology is a subspecialty of anesthesiology devoted to the total perioperative care of patients before,during,and after neurological surgeries,including surgeries of the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). The field has undergone extensive development since the 1960s correlating with the ability to measure intracranial pressure (ICP),cerebral blood flow (CBF),and cerebral metabolic rate (CMR).
Certified anesthesiologist assistants (CAAs) are highly trained master’s degree level non-physician anesthesia care providers. CAAs are integral members of the anesthesia care team as described by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). This designation must be disambiguated from the Certified Clinical Anesthesia Assistant (CCAA) designation conferred by the Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists. All CAAs possess a baccalaureate degree,and complete an intensive didactic and clinical program at a postgraduate level. CAAs are trained in the delivery and maintenance of all types of anesthesia care as well as advanced patient monitoring techniques. The goal of CAA education is to guide the transformation of student applicants into competent clinicians.
Sean C. Mackey is an American scientist,anesthesiologist and pain medicine specialist. Since 2012,he has served as the Redlich Professor of Anesthesiology,Perioperative and Pain Medicine,Neurosciences and Neurology at Stanford University. He has been the Chief of the Division of Pain Medicine since 2007 and the Director and Founder of the Systems Neuroscience and Pain Laboratory (SNAPL) since 2002. Previously,he practiced anesthesiology and co-founded Stanford's regional anesthesia program in 2000.
Obstetric anesthesia or obstetric anesthesiology,also known as ob-gyn anesthesia or ob-gyn anesthesiology,is a sub-specialty of anesthesiology that provides peripartum pain relief (analgesia) for labor and anesthesia for cesarean deliveries ('C-sections').
Frank Moya was an anesthesiologist,businessman,and educator. He was widely recognized for his research in obstetric anesthesia and newborn physiology,and joined the University of Miami School of Medicine's Department of Anesthesiology as the youngest department chairman in the country,at the age of 33. Moya also held several prestigious national and state Anesthesiology positions and founded the Frank Moya Continuing Education Programs.
James Tayloe Gwathmey,M.D. was an American physician and the first president of the American Association of Anesthetics. A pioneer of early anesthetic devices for medical use,he co-authored the first comprehensive textbook on the subject of medical anesthetics,titled Anesthesia,which was published in 1914. For this and other contributions to anesthesiology,which included innovations in administering anesthetics to war wounded and in obstetrics,Gwathmey was hailed at the time of his death as the "Father of Modern Anesthesia."
Jerrold H. Levy is an American critical care physician and cardiac anesthesiologist at Duke University Medical Center who currently serves as the co-director of Duke's Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit. He is most noted for his research in surgical hemostasis,coagulopathy in the critically ill,shock,anaphylaxis,and developing purified and recombinant therapeutic approaches to treat bleeding. He has authored over 400 publications,including scientific manuscripts,review articles,editorials,books,and book chapters. Additionally,he has authored a number of websites aimed at providing medical information to healthcare professionals through his website,DocMD.
Robert Marvin Epstein is an American anesthesiologist,a member of the National Academy of Medicine,and the Harold Carron Professor of Anesthesiology (emeritus) at the University of Virginia.
Alex Bekker is a physician,author and academic. He is a professor and chair at the Department of Anesthesiology,Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. He is also professor at the Department of Physiology,Pharmacology &Neurosciences. He serves as the Chief of Anesthesiology Service at the University Hospital in Newark.
Beverley Anne Orser is a Canadian anesthesiologist. As a professor at the University of Toronto,Orser was elected a member of the National Academy of Medicine for "her discovery of the unique pharmacological properties of extrasynaptic GABA-A receptors and their mechanistic role in anesthetic- and inflammation-induced impairment of memory,and for her leadership in academic anesthesiology.
Talmage D. Egan is an anesthesiologist,academic,entrepreneur,and author. He is a professor and chair in the department of anesthesiology,and an adjunct professor in the departments of pharmaceutics,bioengineering,and neurosurgery at the University of Utah School of Medicine.
References
- 1 2 Tremper, Kevin K. (October 2011). "George A. Mashour, M.D., Ph.D., Recipient of the 2011 Presidential Scholar Award". Anesthesiology . 115 (4). Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "George Mashour, M.D., Ph.D." University of Michigan. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "George Mashour". Fulbright Scholar. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "George Mashour, MD Named Director of MICHR". University of Michigan. September 10, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "NIH-Funded Study Provides Insights on Brain Activity Under Anesthesia". University of Michigan. May 10, 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "U-M Names George Mashour Executive Director of Translational Research". University of Michigan. March 31, 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ Sawani, Jina (October 15, 2018). "Two University of Michigan faculty elected to prestigious National Academy of Medicine". University of Michigan. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ Malcom, Kelly (December 5, 2019). "George Mashour, M.D., Ph.D. Appointed as Chair of U-M Department of Anesthesiology". University of Michigan. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ Bonomini, Nicole (May 7, 2020). "U-M Center for Drug Repurposing Searches for Coronavirus Therapy". Center for Leading Innovation & Collaboration. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ Sherburne, Morgan (August 12, 2020). "The quantum brain: What a laser can tell us about the relationship between entangled photons and neurons". University of Michigan. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "Department Chair George A. Mashour, M.D., Ph.D., receives the American Society of Anesthesiologists Excellence in Research Award". University of Michigan. June 9, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021.