The Prix de Rome or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them to stay in Rome for three to five years at the expense of the state. The prize was extended to architecture in 1720, music in 1803 and engraving in 1804. The prestigious award was abolished in 1968 by André Malraux, then Minister of Culture, following the May 68 riots that called for cultural change.
Antoine Pinay was a French conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 1952 to 1953.
Georges-Augustin Bidault was a French politician. During World War II, he was active in the French Resistance. After the war, he served as foreign minister and premier on several occasions. He apparently joined the Organisation armée secrète; however he always denied his involvement.
Albert-Pierre Sarraut was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic.
Michel Jean-Pierre Debré was the first Prime Minister of the French Fifth Republic. He is considered the "father" of the current Constitution of France. He served under President Charles de Gaulle from 1959 to 1962. In terms of political personality, Debré was intense and immovable and had a tendency to rhetorical extremism.
Henri Queuille was a French Radical politician prominent in the Third and Fourth Republics. After World War II, he served three times as Prime Minister.
Paul Ramadier was a French statesman.
The Constitutional Council is the highest constitutional authority in France. It was established by the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 to ensure that constitutional principles and rules are upheld. It is housed in the Palais-Royal in Paris. Its main activity is to rule on whether proposed statutes conform with the Constitution, after they have been voted by Parliament and before they are signed into law by the president of the republic, or passed by the government as a decree, which has law status in many domains, a right granted to the government under delegation of Parliament.
Jean-Louis Debré is a former French judge and politician who served as President of the National Assembly from 2002 to 2007 and President of the Constitutional Council from 2007 to 2016. He was Minister of the Interior from 1995 until 1997 during the presidency of Jacques Chirac. Since 2016 he has been President of the Superior Council of Archives.
The National Council of the Resistance directed and coordinated the different movements of the French Resistance during World War II: the press, trade unions and political parties hostile to the Vichy regime, starting from mid-1943.
Events from the year 1882 in France.
Jean-Michel Coulon (1920–2014) was a French painter from the School of Paris who had the particularity of having kept his work – over 600 paintings – almost secret over his artistic lifetime. Exhibits took place in Paris at the Jeanne Bucher Gallery in 1949 and 1950 and in Brussels in 1971.
Coulon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Henri de Peyerimhoff was a French senior civil servant and then a lobbyist for the coal industry and president of several mining companies. He came from the minor aristocracy of Alsace and was son of a magistrate. At an early age he was made a senior administrator in the Council of State. He became bored with this work, resigned and became head of the colliery owner's association, whose interests he defended against other industries, the unions and the government. He became vice-president of the National Economic Council, and used that position to express his generally conservative views on social and industrial issues. He was in favour of paternalism and industrial cartels, and against state intervention.
The Comité Central des Houillères de France was an industrial lobby group that represented the interests of the owners of coal mines. It was active between 1887 and 1940, when the Vichy government dissolved it and placed the coal industry under government control.
Jean-Pierre Aurélien de Sèze was a French lawyer who represented Gironde in the National Assembly during the French Second Republic. As a young man he had an intense but platonic affair with the future novelist George Sand. Politically, he was conservative and a legitimist monarchist.
The Departmental Council of Nord is the deliberative assembly of the French department of the Nord, the most populous French department. The headquarters of this decentralized local authority are in Lille.
The Departmental Council of Ardennes is the deliberative assembly of the French department of the Ardennes. Its headquarters are in Charleville-Mézières.
