German Orthographic Conference of 1901

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The German Orthographic Conference of 1901 (the Berlin II Orthographic Conference; German : Zweite Orthographische Konferenz or II. Orthographische Konferenz) took place in Berlin from 17 until 19 June 1901. The results of the conference became official in the German Empire in 1902. [1] [2] [3] The standardized German spelling that resulted from the conference was largely based on the Prussian school spelling, but also on the Orthographic Conference of 1876.

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The conference results removed numerous existing variant forms. Soon after the conference, its results were criticized by people[ who? ] who believed there should be further changes.[ clarification needed ]

The spelling was used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, apart from the replacement of ß with ss in Switzerland in later years. The Erziehungsrat des Kantons Zürich stopped the teaching of ß in schools in 1935 with the Canton of Zürich being the first to do so, and the Neue Zürcher Zeitung as the last Swiss newspaper stopped using ß in 1974. However, some Swiss book publishers still use ß. [4] [5]

It was not until 95 years later that the German spelling was changed with a reform in 1996.

Encoding

The IETF language tags have registered de-1901 for "Traditional German orthography". [6]

See also

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References

  1. Peter von Polenz: Deutsche Sprachgeschichte vom Spätmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart – Band III – 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Walter de Gruyter, 1999, p. 240
  2. Wolfgang Kopke: Rechtschreibreform und Verfassungsrecht. J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen, 1995, p. 28
  3. Edited by Werner Besch, Anne Betten, Oskar Reichmann, Stefan Sonderegger: Sprachgeschichte: Ein Handbuch zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und ihrer Erforschung – 2., vollständig neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage – 3. Teilband (Hanbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, Band 2.3), Walter de Gruyter, 2003, p. 2495 (chapter "Geschichte der Interpunktionssysteme im Deutschen").
  4. Ulrich Ammon: Die deutsche Sprache in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Das Problem der nationalen Varietäten. Walter de Gruyter, 1995, p. 254
  5. Edited by Gerhard Helbig, Lutz Götze, Gert Henrici, Hans-Jürgen Krumm: Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Ein internationales Handbuch. 1. Halbband. Walter de Gruyter, 2001, p. 496f.
  6. "IETF Language Subtag Registry". IANA. 6 August 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.