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Kanji are the logographic Chinese characters adapted from the Chinese script used in the writing of Japanese. They were made a major part of the Japanese writing system during the time of Old Japanese and are still used, along with the subsequently-derived syllabic scripts of hiragana and katakana. The characters have Japanese pronunciations; most have two, with one based on the Chinese sound. A few characters were invented in Japan by constructing character components derived from other Chinese characters. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan made its own efforts to simplify the characters, now known as shinjitai, by a process similar to China's simplification efforts, with the intention to increase literacy among the common folk. Since the 1920s, the Japanese government has published character lists periodically to help direct the education of its citizenry through the myriad Chinese characters that exist. There are nearly 3,000 kanji used in Japanese names and in common communication.
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A radical, or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but can also be another structural component or even an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.
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Ideasthesia is a neuropsychological phenomenon in which activations of concepts (inducers) evoke perception-like sensory experiences (concurrents). The name comes from the Ancient Greek ἰδέα and αἴσθησις, meaning 'sensing concepts' or 'sensing ideas'. The notion was introduced by neuroscientist Danko Nikolić, but can be seen in examples in the Ethics of Spinoza, as an alternative explanation for a set of phenomena traditionally covered by synesthesia.
References
- ↑ Valsiner, Jaan; Veer, Rene van der (2000). The Social Mind: Construction of the Idea. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 302. ISBN 0-521-58036-6.
- ↑ Ninose, Yuri; Gyoba, Jiro (1996). "持続的注視による漢字認知の遅延 ゲシュタルト崩壊現象の分析" [Delays produced by prolonged viewing in the recognition of Kanji characters: Analysis of the 'Gestaltzerfall' phenomenon]. The Japanese Journal of Psychology (in Japanese). 67 (3): 227–231. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.67.227 . PMID 8981675.
- ↑ Funada, Mariko; Funada, Tadashi; Igarashi, Yoshihide (2017). "Dynamic Changes of ERPs in Gestaltzerfall Phenomena: Analysis Using Multi-data Selecting and Averaging Method". Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Performance, Emotion and Situation Awareness. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 10275. pp. 117–127. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58472-0_10. ISBN 978-3-319-58471-3.
- ↑ Faust, C (March 1947). "Über Gestaltzerfall als Symptom des parieto-occipitalen Übergangsgebiets bei doppelseitiger Verletzung nach Hirnschuß" [About shape disintegration as a symptom of the parieto-occipital transition area in double-sided injury after brain shot]. Nervenarzt (in German). 18 (3): 103–115. PMID 20252629.
- ↑ Frohne-Hagemann, Isabelle (1999). Musik und Gestalt: klinische Musiktherapie als integrative Psychotherapie. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 23–24. ISBN 3-525-45850-9.
- ↑ Lee, Nien-Chen (2007). Perceptual Coherence of Chinese Characters: Orthographic Satiation and Disorganization (Master's Thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl: 1842/1919 . OCLC 726540010.[ page needed ]
