A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word cave can refer to smaller openings such as sea caves, rock shelters, and grottos, that extend a relatively short distance into the rock and they are called exogene caves. Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called endogene caves.
Ilam Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 sq mi), while sharing 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also bordering on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan. The largest city and also the provincial capital is Ilam.
The Zagros Mountains are a long mountain range in Iran, northern Iraq, and southeastern Turkey. This mountain range has a total length of 1,600 km (990 mi). The Zagros mountain range begins in northwestern Iran and roughly follows Iran's western border while covering much of southeastern Turkey and northeastern Iraq. From this border region, the range continues to the southeast under also the waters of the Persian Gulf. It spans the southern parts of the Armenian highland, the whole length of the western and southwestern Iranian plateau, ending at the Strait of Hormuz. The highest point is Mount Dena, at 4,409 metres (14,465 ft).
Kermanshah, is the capital of Kermanshah Province, located 525 kilometres from Tehran in the western part of Iran. According to the 2016 census, its population is 946,651.
Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park is a marine national park in Kui Buri District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand. It covers 61,300 rai ~ 98 square kilometres (38 sq mi) of which 13,050 rai ~ 21 square kilometres (8.1 sq mi) are marine areas. The park was established in 1966, and was the first coastal national park of Thailand. The park includes Thailand's largest freshwater marsh.
Khorramabad, alternatively romanized as Khorramābād, Khoramabad, Khurramabad, Khorram Abad, Xurremabad, Xorramâbâd or Khur Ramābād, is a city in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan province, Iran, and serves as capital of the district, the county, and the province.
The Ali-Sadr Cave, originally called Ali Saadr or Ali Sard, is the world's largest water cave which attracts thousands of visitors every year. It is located in Ali Sadr Kabudarahang County about 100 kilometers north of Hamadan, western Iran. Because of the cave's proximity to large cities such as Hamadan, it is a highly recommended destination for tourists from all corners of the world. Tours of the cave are available by pedalos. The Ali-Sadr cave was rediscovered by a shepherd from Ali-Sadr village in which the cave is located.
A pit cave, shaft cave or vertical cave—or often simply called a pit and pothole or pot ; jama in South Slavic languages scientific and colloquial vocabulary —is a type of cave which contains one or more significant vertical shafts rather than being predominantly a conventional horizontal cave passage. Pit caves typically form in limestone as a result of long-term erosion by water. They can be open to the surface or found deep within horizontal caves. Among cavers, a pit is a vertical drop of any depth that cannot be negotiated safely without the use of ropes or ladders.
Darreh Shahr County is in Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Darreh Shahr.
Katale Khor is a cave located in Zanjan Province, Iran. It is situated 120 km south of Zanjan city and is about 410 km from Tehran. The name, Katale Khor, means "mount of the sun". The road from Zanjan to Katale Khor passes Soltaniyeh, an ancient Ilkhanid city.
Hafshejan is a city in the Central District of Shahrekord County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran.
Porow Cave is a limestone cave in the Zagros Mountains, north of Kermanshah in Western Iran. At 751 m deep, it is the deepest cave in Iran. Joujar Cave has been reported as the second deepest, at 568 m deep.
The prehistory of the Iranian plateau, and the wider region now known as Greater Iran, as part of the prehistory of the Near East is conventionally divided into the Paleolithic, Epipaleolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age periods, spanning the time from the first settlement by archaic humans about a million years ago until the beginning of the historical record during the Neo-Assyrian Empire, in the 8th century BC.
Darreh Shahr is a city in the Central District of Darreh Shahr County, Ilam province, Iran, and serves as both capital of the county and of the district. Darreh Shahr is in the southeastern part of the province, in the northern foothills of the Kabir Kuh ranges. According to the 2016 census there are 21,900 residents, making it the second-largest city in the province.
Hamadan or Hamedan is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran. At the 2019 census, its population was 783,302 in 230,775 families.
Parâw is a mountain located to the north east of Kermanshah city in west of Iran. Parâw, with an approximate length of 80 km and an area of 880 square kilometres is part of the Zagros Mountains. Paraw is one of the 1515 Ultra-prominent peak of the world.
Tears of the Turtle Cave is located in the Bob Marshall Wilderness in western Montana and is currently the deepest known limestone cave in the United States since passing New Mexico's Lechuguilla cave in 2014. As of August 2022, the cave is known to be 2,052 feet (625 m) deep and 1.488 miles (2,395 m) long. The cave consists mostly of narrow fissure passage passing over approximately 50 short rope drops. With a mean temperature of 37 °F (3 °C) it is muddy and poorly decorated.
Boybuloq is a limestone cave in Uzbekistan, the deepest cave in Central Asia and all Asia except its western part. The cave is 1,430 metres (4,690 ft) deep and 15,212 metres (49,908 ft) long with the main entrance at an elevation of 2,647 metres (8,684 ft). It is situated at the edge of Baysun-Tau mountain ridge, the southern spur of the Gissar Range, in the southeast of the country. The nearest village is Dehibolo, to the northeast of Boysun.
Vranjača Cave is a karst cave in Croatia, on the northern slopes of the Mosor mountain near the village of Kotlenice, some 18 miles inland from Split. The cave is a Geomorphological Natural Monument of Croatia, and a significant site of Neolithic culture and post-diluvial fauna.
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