Ghatora Wetland, also known as Ghatora Lake or Sonbarsa Ghatora Wetland, is a freshwater wetland situated in the Bihpur block of Bhagalpur district, Bihar, India. The wetland lies in the historical region of Anga. It serves as a seasonal habitat for a variety of migratory birds, particularly during the winter months. Species of waterfowl, storks, and other wetland birds are regularly reported. Because of the high bird population, the site is often described as the “Mini Chilika Lake” of Bihar. [1]
The wetland covers an area of about 1,120 acres (4.5 km²) and extends for nearly six kilometres. It lies in the floodplains of the Ganga and the influx of the Kosi River , where seasonal inundation sustains its hydrology. The area is characterised by aquatic vegetation, shallow marshes, and open-water zones that support both human use and wildlife. Surrounding villages utilise the wetland for fishing and irrigation. [1] [2]
Ghatora Wetland is recognised as a significant wintering ground for migratory birds, most of which arrive between November and March.
A February 2024 bird census recorded more than 10,000 migratory birds representing 48 species. A subsequent survey in November–December 2024 noted 45 species, including uncommon visitors such as the Hen harrier (Circus cyaneus), Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), and Ruddy-breasted crake (Zapornia fusca). [3]
Commonly observed species include Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus), Northern pintail (Anas acuta), Northern shoveler (Anas clypeata), Gadwall (Mareca strepera), along with several species of cranes and waders. Surveys suggest that nearly 80% of ducks and geese recorded in early winter are migratory birds. [2] [4] [5]
In recent years, Ghatora Wetland has gained attention as a site for eco-tourism. Birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts visit during the winter season to observe flocks of migratory birds.
Experts suggest that eco-tourism could provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for nearby communities if developed responsibly. However, concerns remain regarding encroachment, water pollution, and unregulated human activity, which may disturb the wetland habitat and reduce its ecological value. [6] [7]
Ghatora Wetland supports local biodiversity and also contributes to the ecology of the Ganga floodplains. Conservationists have stressed the importance of protecting it from land-use change and unsustainable practices. Its growing recognition is often compared with other wetlands in Bihar, such as Kabar Tal in Begusarai, which has Ramsar status. [8]