Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini

Last updated
Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini
Giovanni-andrea-scartazzini.jpg
Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini
Born(1837-12-30)30 December 1837
Died10 February 1901(1901-02-10) (aged 63)
NationalityFlag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland
Other namesAndreas Scartazzini, Johann Andreas Scartazzini, Scartazzini
Occupation(s)Minister, writer

Giovanni Andrea Scartazzini was a Protestant pastor and Italian-Swiss literary critic, best known for his Italian annotated edition of the Divine Comedy and the other writings on its author, Dante Alighieri.

Contents

Biography

Son of the notary Bartolomeo di Picenoni and Clara, he was born in Bondo, Switzerland, in the canton of Graubünden, on 30 December 1837. His childhood was marked by an early passion for two books: the Bible, the essential book in every Protestant Christian family, and the Divine Comedy , which he had received as a gift from his godfather. He studied at the Institute of Evangelical Missions at Basel where he joined the liberal theological trends, completing his theological studies at Bern.

Activities

He served as a minister in several Swiss cities, including Soglio in the Valley of Bergell. He had to give up this ministry due to his highly controversial nature and his criticism of the Reformed Church of his time, which was frontally attacked in his writings, just as he did against the critics of his work as literary scholar on Dante and the Divine Comedy.

He reached international fame due to his literary activity, which culminated in 1869 with the publication of a study about the life, the epoch, and the work of Dante Alighieri, and the subsequent annotated edition of Dante's Divine Comedy in four volumes, the first of which was published in 1874 and the last in 1890. This work, in an edition reviewed and expanded by Giuseppe Vandelli in Milan in 1893, still remains a fundamental text.

His fighting soul in the persistent defense of his convictions was, of course, enhanced by the cultural contexts in which he lived. These contexts were so far apart. On one hand, Scartazzini lived under the liberal Swiss Protestant theology, and on the other hand, under the environment of the Italian classic literature. Despite the strong influence of both contexts on his life, he never yielded to the temptation to draw a bridge between them.

In 1871-1874 he taught Italian at the cantonal school of Chur. He was also the director of the "New International Journal of Florence". In 1884, as a result of the conflicts raised by his fighting spirit, he permanently left Bergell and settled in Fahrwangen in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, which would be his last pastoral office, where he died at the age of 63 on 10 February 1901.

In Acilia, a district close to Rome, Scartazzini is honored by a street named for him, while in Bondo, the municipality has placed a commemorative stone at his own home.

In one of his sermons he expressed a thought that is valid in every time and in every nation: “A people who care about what it takes to have peace have laid a firmer and safer foundation for their own good ... May our people and our homeland recognize in time what it takes to have peace.”

Marriages

On 21 December 1862 in Bergamo he married his first wife, Anna Maria Caterina Baebler (1841-1883 ca.), daughter of Anna Maddalena Hoesli (1807–1870) and Ulrich Baebler (1798–1878), director of the weaving company which belonged to his father-in-law Gaspare Hoesli (1773–1857) from St. Bartholomew in Brescia.

His second wife was Maria Sophia Lehnen from Twann.

Works

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dante Alighieri</span> Italian poet, writer, and philosopher (1265–1321)

Dante Alighieri, most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante, was an Italian poet, writer, and philosopher. His Divine Comedy, originally called Comedìa and later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio, is widely considered one of the most important poems of the Middle Ages and the greatest literary work in the Italian language.

<i>Divine Comedy</i> Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri

The Divine Comedy is an Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri, begun c. 1308 and completed around 1321, shortly before the author's death. It is widely considered the pre-eminent work in Italian literature and one of the greatest works of Western literature. The poem's imaginative vision of the afterlife is representative of the medieval worldview as it existed in the Western Church by the 14th century. It helped establish the Tuscan language, in which it is written, as the standardized Italian language. It is divided into three parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso.

Allen Mandelbaum was an American professor of literature and the humanities, poet, and translator from Classical Greek, Latin and Italian. His translations of classic works gained him numerous awards in Italy and the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beatrice Portinari</span> Dantes muse

Beatrice "Bice" di Folco Portinari was an Italian woman who has been commonly identified as the principal inspiration for Dante Alighieri's Vita Nuova, and is also identified with the Beatrice who acts as his guide in the last book of his narrative poem the Divine Comedy, Paradiso, and during the conclusion of the preceding Purgatorio. In the Comedy, Beatrice symbolises divine grace and theology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brunetto Latini</span> Italian scholar and statesman, c. 1220–1294

Brunetto Latini was an Italian philosopher, scholar, notary, politician and statesman. He was a teacher and friend of Dante Alighieri.

Dolce Stil Novo, Italian for "sweet new style", is the name given to a literary movement in 13th and 14th century Italy. Influenced by the Sicilian School and Tuscan poetry, its main theme is Divine Love. The name Dolce Stil Novo was used for the first time by Dante Alighieri in Purgatorio, the second canticle of the Divina Commedia. In the Divina Commedia Purgatory he meets Bonagiunta Orbicciani, a 13th-century Italian poet, who tells Dante that Dante himself, Guido Guinizelli, and Guido Cavalcanti had been able to create a new genre: a stil novo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francesca da Rimini</span> Italian noblewoman

Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta was a medieval noblewoman of Ravenna, who was murdered by her husband, Giovanni Malatesta, upon his discovery of her affair with his brother, Paolo Malatesta. She was a contemporary of Dante Alighieri, who portrayed her as a character in the Divine Comedy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heresiarch</span> Christian theological term for someone who propagates heretical doctrine

In Christian theology, a heresiarch or arch-heretic is an originator of heretical doctrine or the founder of a sect that sustains such a doctrine.

<i>Contrapasso</i> Method of infernal punishment

In Dante's Inferno, contrapasso is the punishment of souls "by a process either resembling or contrasting with the sin itself." A similar process occurs in the Purgatorio.

Bondo is a village and a former municipality in the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of Grisons. It is now part of the municipality of Bregaglia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Val Bregaglia</span> Alpine valley in Switzerland and Italy

The Val Bregaglia is an alpine valley of Switzerland and Italy at the base of which runs the river Mera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Franz Hettinger</span> German theologian

Franz Hettinger was a German Catholic theologian.

<i>Paradiso</i> (Dante) Third part of Dantes Divine Comedy

Paradiso is the third and final part of Dante's Divine Comedy, following the Inferno and the Purgatorio. It is an allegory telling of Dante's journey through Heaven, guided by Beatrice, who symbolises theology. In the poem, Paradise is depicted as a series of concentric spheres surrounding the Earth, consisting of the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Fixed Stars, the Primum Mobile and finally, the Empyrean. It was written in the early 14th century. Allegorically, the poem represents the soul's ascent to God.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raphèl mai amècche zabì almi</span> Line in Dantes Inferno

"Raphèl mai amècche zabì almi" is a verse from Dante's Inferno, XXXI.67. The verse is shouted out by Nimrod, one of the giants who guard the Ninth Circle of Hell. The line, whose literal meaning is uncertain, is usually interpreted as a sign of the confusion of the languages caused by the fall of the Tower of Babel.

Bonagiunta Orbicciani, also called Bonaggiunta and Urbicciani, was an Italian poet of the Tuscan School, which drew on the work of the Sicilian School. His main occupation was as a judge and notary. Fewer than forty of his poems survive.

Justine Constance Wirix-van Mansvelt was a Dutch Protestant expert on the oeuvre of the Italian poet and writer Dante Alighieri (1265–1321).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dante Society of America</span> Academic group founded in 1881

The Dante Society of America is an American academic society devoted to the study of Dante Alighieri. One of the oldest scholarly societies in North America, it predates both the Modern Language Association, founded in 1883, and the American Historical Association, founded in 1884. After the German Dante Society, it is the second-oldest scholarly organization devoted to the study of Dante. The Society was also one of the first scholarly societies in the United States to have women among its founding members. The current president is Alison Cornish of New York University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaia da Camino</span> Italian noblewoman and poet

Gaia da Camino was an Italian noblewoman and poet hailing from Treviso, Italy. Her family was descended from the Lombards. She is mentioned briefly in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First circle of hell</span> As depicted in Dantes Inferno

The first circle of hell is depicted in Dante Alighieri's 14th-century poem Inferno, the first part of the Divine Comedy. Inferno tells the story of Dante's journey through a vision of hell ordered into nine circles corresponding to classifications of sin. The first circle is Limbo, the space reserved for those souls who died before baptism and for those who hail from non-Christian cultures. They live eternally in a castle set on a verdant landscape, but forever removed from heaven.