Girkin Formation

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The Girkin Formation is a geologic formation located in the Chester Escarpment of central Kentucky, USA. It comprises a level of Mammoth Cave and lies above the Ste. Genevieve Limestone and St. Louis Limestone and below the Big Clifty Sandstone in that area. The Girkin is a limestone Mississippian in age. [1]

Members of the Girkin are as follows in descending order:

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The Big Clifty Sandstone is a geologic formation in Illinois and Kentucky. It is a subunit of the Golconda Formation in Kentucky and is correlative with the Fraileys Shale to which it grades to in southern Illinois. The Big Clifty and Golconda are part of the Chesterian Series of late Mississippian age. The Big Clifty Sandstone was deposited in deltaic to marginal marine environment by the paleo Michigan River which in modern directions flowed south from the Canadian shield, the sediment source, and then westward depositing sediment across Illinois, Kentucky, and Indiana, as the Big Clifty Formation of the Stephensport Group. At Mammoth Cave National Park the Big Clifty overlies the Girkin Formation, the uppermost of three cave forming carbonate formations which the Mammoth-Flint Ridge cave system spans. Below the Girkin Formation are the Ste. Genevieve Limestone, and the St. Louis Limestone respectively. The chemically resistant sediments comprising the Big Clifty, and similar siliciclastics, act as a caprock over the dissolving carbonates. The presence of the Big Clifty is one of several contributory factors that create favorable conditions for the formation, and subsequent preservation, of connected cavernous porosity in the Mammoth-Flint Ridge cave system.

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Girkin is an unincorporated community in Warren, Kentucky, United States. Its post office closed in 1913.

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The Harrodsburg Limestone is a geologic formation, a member of the Sanders Group of Indiana Limestone, of Mississippian age. It was named for Harrodsburg in southern Monroe County, Indiana by T. C. Hopkins and C. E. Siebenthal. It is made up primarily of calcarenite and calcirudite. It also may include some beds of dolomite and shale.

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The Salem Formation is a geologic formation in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri. It preserves fossils dating back to the Mississippian subperiod. This formation is quarried and used as a building material, known as "Indiana limestone", also called Bedford limestone.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cedar Sink</span> Landform in Edmonson County, Kentucky, United States

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The Pope Mega Group is a geologic unit found in the Illinois Basin of southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, and western Kentucky. In Indiana and Kentucky its equitant is the Buffalo Wallow Group. This unit grades from sandstones at its base into mix of limestones and sandstone and then a shale at its top. In Southern Illinois oil wells are drilled into the Tar Springs formation.

References

  1. "Groundwater Resources of Logan County, Kentucky". www.uky.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-26.