Government Communications Security Bureau Act 2003 | |
---|---|
New Zealand Parliament | |
Royal assent | 1 April 2003 |
Repealed | 28 September 2017 |
Administered by | Government Communications Security Bureau |
Legislative history | |
Passed | 2003 |
Status: Repealed |
The Government Communications Security Bureau Act 2003 is a repealed New Zealand Act of Parliament. It formalised the role of the Government Communications Security Bureau (the GCSB), which had previously existed in various states of secrecy since 1977, as the national authority for signals intelligence and information systems security, and put it on a similar legislative footing to the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service. [1] [2]
The Act also specified the objective and functions of the GCSB, and the conditions under which the GCSB must operate. The Minister responsible for the Act was, by convention, the Prime Minister.
The Act was repealed and replaced with the Intelligence and Security Act 2017.
Controversial changes to the Act (the "GCSB Bill") were announced by Prime Minister John Key in May 2013. The intention of the GCSB Bill was to update the GCSB statutory framework to respond to the changing security environment and public law environment, and to enhance the external oversight mechanisms that apply to the intelligence agencies by strengthening the office of the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security and by improving the operation of Parliament's Intelligence and Security Committee.
The Labour Party was opposed to the GCSB Bill. It stated it would review the law and if necessary repeal it. [3] Dame Anne Salmond, who is a distinguished professor at the University of Auckland and the then New Zealander of the Year, condemned the legislation as being in breach of the Bill of Rights. [3] Protests were held around the country in July and August 2013, with speakers at one event in Auckland including Salmond, unionist Helen Kelly and Internet tycoon Kim Dotcom, who had previously been illegally spied on by the GCSB. [4] [5] Despite the protests, the changes were passed by Parliament and came into force in August 2013.
The GCSB Bill also amended the Intelligence and Security Committee Act 1996 to require an independent review of the New Zealand intelligence agencies and the legislation governing them every five to seven years. [6] The Government opened the first Independent Review of Intelligence and Security in 2015. [7] Former Labour deputy prime minister Sir Michael Cullen and future governor-general Dame Patsy Reddy were appointed as independent reviewers. [8]
The Independent Review reported back on 29 February 2016, making 107 recommendations. [7] [9] A key recommendation was to repeal four enactments that provide the statutory framework for the functions and oversight of the New Zealand intelligence agencies and to replace them with a single Intelligence and Security Act. The Government agreed to most of the recommendations, and introduced the Intelligence and Security Bill. This Bill repealed the GCSB Act, the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service Act 1969, the Intelligence and Security Committee Act 1996 and the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security Act 1996. These acts are now consolidated as the Intelligence and Security Act 2017. [10]
The New Zealand Security Intelligence Service is New Zealand's primary national intelligence agency. It is responsible for providing information and advising on matters including national security and foreign intelligence. It is headquartered in Wellington and overseen by a Director-General, the Minister of New Zealand Security Intelligence Service, and the parliamentary intelligence and security committee; independent oversight is provided by the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security.
The Government Communications Security Bureau is the public-service department of New Zealand charged with promoting New Zealand's national security by collecting and analysing information of an intelligence nature. The GCSB is considered to be New Zealand's most powerful intelligence agency, and has been alleged to have conducted more espionage and data collection than the country's primary intelligence agency, the less funded NZSIS. This has at times proven controversial, although the GCSB does not have the baggage of criticism attached to it for a perceived failure to be effective like the NZSIS does. The GCSB is considered an equivalent of GCHQ in the United Kingdom or the NSA in the United States.
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STATEROOM is the code name of a highly secretive signals intelligence collection program involving the interception of international radio, telecommunications and Internet traffic. It is operated out of the diplomatic missions of the signatories to the UKUSA Agreement and the members of the ECHELON network including Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Canada and the United States.
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