Grahapati Kokkala inscription

Last updated

The Grahapati Kokkala inscription is an epigraphic record documenting the dedication of a Shiva temple. It dates to 1000-1001 CE. It is one of several Chandella era inscriptions that mention a Grahapati family. [1]

Contents

It is the earliest known reference to a Grahapati family. [2] Unlike all other Chandella era Grahapati inscriptions which are Jain, this refers to a Shiva temple, [3] although Verse 3 suggests that the builder also worshipped Jinas.

Location

It was found somewhere in Khajuraho or its vivicinity, and is currently located in the Vishvanath temple there. [4]

Publication

The inscription was first published by Cunningham, [5] and has since been published in several books. [6]

Description and contents

The inscription at Khajuraho, dated Samvat 1056, Kartika (1000–1001 AD), is engraved on a slab and records the dedication of a temple termed Vidyanatha temple. [7] The current location of the Vidyanatha temple is uncertain; the inscription slab has been fixed to the Vishvanath temple. [8] Cunningham had identified the Beejamandal temple at Jatkara village near Khajuraho as the Vishvanath temple. [9] [10]

Metrics

Most of the inscription is metrical, with the exception of the initial invocation to Shiva and the samvat at the end.

Text

It is a large 22 line text. [11] It starts with invocation Om Namah Shivaya.

Translation

Translations are provided by Kanhiayalal Agrawal [12] and Kale [13]

See also

Notes

  1. Inscriptions of the Chandellas of Jejakbhukti,Ed. H.V. Trivedi, 1989, p. 456.
  2. Svasti Śrī: Dr. B.Ch. Chhabra felicitation volume, K. V. Ramesh, Agam Prasad, S. P. Tewari, p. 139
  3. Lalit kalā, Issue 10, Lalit Kala Akademi,1961, p. 64
  4. The Early Rulers of Khajuraho, S.K. Mitra, 1958, Motilal Banarasidas, p. 224
  5. Epigraphica Indica, Pt I, 1888, p. 135-36
  6. Khajuraho, Kanhiayalal Agrawal, The MacMillan Company of India, 1980, p. 141-146
  7. Epigraphica Indica, Pt I, p. 135-36
  8. Kharjuravahaka, D. J. Kale, 1967, p. 123
  9. Reports By Archaeological Survey of India By Archaeological Survey of India Published 1880, Cunningham
  10. Cunningham, Alexander (1880). Report of Tours in Bundelkhand and Malwa in 1874-75 and 1876-77. 8 Hastings Street, Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. p.  22 . Retrieved 8 May 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  11. Khajuraho, Kanhiayalal Agrawal, The MacMillan Company of India, 1980, p. 141-146
  12. Khajuraho, Kanhiayalal Agrawal, The MacMillan Company of India, 1980, p. 141-146
  13. Kharjuravahaka, D. J. Kale, 1967

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beejamandal</span>

Beejamandal is a ruined temple in Jatkara village near Khajuraho, that has not yet been fully excavated and explored. It has a length of 34.60 meters and is thus longer than the largest temple of Khajuraho namely Kandariya which measures about 30 metres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kandariya Mahadeva Temple</span> Largest Hindu temple in Khajuraho temple complex, India

The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, meaning "the Great God of the Cave", is the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in India. Because of its outstanding preservation and testimony to the Chandela culture, the temple was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1986.

Gahoi is a merchant Vaishya-Baniya community in central India.

<i>Alha-Khand</i> Medieval Indian epic

The term Alha Khand is used to refer to poetic works in Hindi which consists of a number of ballads describing the brave acts of two 12th century Banaphar Rajput heroes, Alha and Udal, generals working for king Paramardi-Deva (Parmal) of Mahoba against Prithviraj Chauhan of Ajmer. The works has been entirely handed down by oral tradition and presently exists in many recensions, which differ from one another both in language and subject matter. The Bundeli, Bagheli, Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Maithili, and Kannauji recensions are the most well known among these.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jain temples of Khajuraho</span>

The Jain temples of Khajuraho are a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Khajuraho. They are located in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India, about 175 kilometres southeast of the city of Jhansi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhojshala</span> Historic building in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, India

The Bhojshala is a historic building located in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, India. The name is derived from the celebrated king Bhoja of the Paramāra dynasty of central India, a patron of education and the arts, to whom major Sanskrit works on poetics, yoga and architecture are attributed. The architectural parts of the building proper are of different periods but mainly date the 12th century; the Islamic domed tombs in the wider campus were added between the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khajuraho</span> City in Madhya Pradesh, India

Khajuraho is a city, near Chhatarpur in Chhatarpur district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. One of the most popular tourist destinations in India, Khajuraho has the country's largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples, famous for their erotic sculptures. The Khajuraho Group of Monuments has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986 and is considered one of the "seven wonders" of India. The town's name, anciently "Kharjuravahaka", is derived from the Sanskrit word kharjur meaning "date palm".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Padmavati (Pawaya)</span> City in Madhya Pradesh, India

Padmavati, identified with modern Pawaya in Madhya Pradesh, was an ancient Indian city mentioned in several classic Sanskrit texts, Malatimadhavam of Bhavabhuti, Harshacharita of Bana, and Sarasvatīkaṇṭhabharaṇa of Raja Bhoja. Bhavabhuti describes the city with tall mansions and temples with shikharas and gates, located between Para and the Sindhu rivers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aharji</span> City in Madhya Pradesh, India

Aharji is a historical pilgrimage site for Jainism in India. It is located in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, on the road from Tikamgarh to Chhatarpur. This place is famous for Jain Temple.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Religious harmony in India</span> Love, and affection in between different religions in India

Religious harmony in India is a concept that indicates that there is love, affection between different religions throughout the history of the Indian subcontinent. In the modern-day Republic of India, the Indian constitution supports and encourages religious harmony. In India, every citizen has a right to choose and practice any religion. There are examples of Muslims and Sikhs building temples together. In India, different religious traditions live harmoniously.Seers of religions call for religious harmony in India. For popular film stars in India like Salman Khan, festivals of Hindus and Muslims are equal. According to Dalai Lama, India is a model for religious harmony. He mentions that "In the last 2000-3000 years, different religious traditions, such as Jainism, Islam, Sikhism, and others, have flourished here. The whole concept of religious harmony is the most valuable treasure of India." In a lecture organized on the silver jubilee of Seshadripuram Educational Trust, Dalai Lama further said that though religions have various philosophies and spiritual traditions, all of them carry the same message of love. He also emphasized the importance of acknowledging each other as brothers and sisters. As mentioned by Dalai Lama, reviving ancient Indian knowledge helps us to live peacefully and in perfect harmony with other communities. This kind of knowledge guides us to the right path and paves the way for a happy and peaceful community and world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chausath Yogini Temple, Mitaoli</span> Temple to the 64 Yoginis in Morena, Madhya Pradesh, India

The Chausath Yogini Temple, Mitaoli, also known as Ekattarso Mahadeva Temple, is an 11th-century temple in Morena district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Build during Kachchhapaghata reign, it is one of the well-preserved Yogini temples in India. The temple is formed by a circular wall with 65 chambers, apparently for 64 yoginis and the goddess Devi, and an open mandapa in the centre of a circular courtyard, sacred to Shiva.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaturmukha Basadi, Karkala</span>

Chaturmukha Basadi is a symmetrical Jain temple situated in Karkala, Karnataka, India. It is one of the most famous monuments in Karkala.

Jayavarman II, also known as Jayasimha II, was a king of the Paramara dynasty in central India. He ruled in the Malwa region, succeeding his elder brother Jaitugi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vishvanatha Temple, Khajuraho</span> Hindu temple in Madhya Pradesh, India

The Vishvanatha Temple is a Hindu temple in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is located among the western group of Khajuraho Monuments, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, who is also known as "Vishvanatha", meaning "Lord of the Universe".

Dhanga, also known as Dhaṇgadeva in inscriptions, was a king of the Chandela dynasty of India. He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region. Dhanga established the sovereignty of the Chandelas, who had served as vassals to the Pratiharas until his reign. He is also notable for having commissioned magnificent temples at Khajuraho, including the Vishvanatha temple.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adinatha temple, Khajuraho</span>

Adinatha temple is a Jain temple located at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is dedicated to the Jain tirthankara Adinatha, although its exterior walls also feature Hindu deities. This temple is part of UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other temples in Khajuraho Group of Monuments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shantinatha temple, Khajuraho</span>

Shantinatha temple is a Jain temple located among the Jain temple cluster in eastern Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. While its main deity is the Jain tirthankara Shantinatha, it includes 18 shrines with numerous Jain images.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aharji Jain Teerth</span>

Aharji Jain Teerth is a historical pilgrimage site for Jainism located in Aharji, Madhya Pradesh, on the road from Tikamgarh to Chhatarpur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaturbhuj Temple, Gwalior</span> 9th-century Hindu temple in Madhya Pradesh, India

ChaturbhujTemple, or the Temple of Zero is a Hindu temple excavated in a rock face in the Gwalior Fort, in 875 AD, by Alla, the son of Vaillabhatta, and the grandson of Nagarabhatta a nagar brahmin in present-day Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samadhishvara Temple, Chittorgarh</span> 11th century Shiva temple in Chittor Fort of India

The Samadhishvara Temple is a Hindu temple located in the Chittor Fort in Rajasthan, India. It is dedicated to Shiva, who is called "Samadhishvara", that is, "Lord of Samadhi". Epigraphic evidence suggests that the temple was constructed in the 11th century, and was further restored in the 13th and the 15th centuries.