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The Khmer Empire was a Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia, centered around hydraulic cities in what is now northern Cambodia. Known as Kambuja by its inhabitants, it grew out of the former civilization of Chenla and lasted from 802 to 1431. Historians call this period of Cambodian history the Angkor period, after the empire's most well-known capital, Angkor. The Khmer Empire ruled or vassalised most of Mainland Southeast Asia and stretched as far north as southern China. At its peak, the empire was larger than the Byzantine Empire, which existed around the same time.
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Srivijaya, also spelled Sri Vijaya, was a Buddhist thalassocratic empire based on the island of Sumatra that influenced much of Southeast Asia. Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th to 11th century AD. Srivijaya was the first polity to dominate much of western Maritime Southeast Asia. Due to its location, Srivijaya developed complex technology utilizing maritime resources. In addition, its economy became progressively reliant on the booming trade in the region, thus transforming it into a prestige goods-based economy.
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George Cœdès was a French scholar of southeast Asian archaeology and history.
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A Dharmasala or a house of fire, or house with fire, is the name given to a place where people, especially pilgrims, can rest on a journey. It is a type of building found in Angkorian complexes constructed during the reign of late 12th-century monarch Jayavarman VII and still found in Preah Khan, Ta Prohm and Banteay Chhmar.
Devaraja was a religious order of the "god-king," or deified monarch in medieval Southeast Asia. The devarāja order grew out of both Hinduism and separate local traditions depending on the area. It taught that the king was a divine universal ruler, a manifestation of Bhagavan. The concept viewed the monarch to possess transcendental quality, the king as the living god on earth. The concept is closely related to the Indian concept of Chakravarti. In politics, it is viewed as the divine justification of a king's rule. The concept was institutionalized and gained its elaborate manifestations in ancient Java and Cambodia, where monuments such as Prambanan and Angkor Wat were erected to celebrate the king's divine rule on earth.
Sri Maharaja Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauliwarmadewa was a king of Dharmasraya in Bhumi Malayu (Sumatra), as written on the Padang Roco inscription (1286).
Bronze Torso of Avalokiteshavara is a Srivijaya-era bronze torso depicting Avalokiteshvara, a Bodhisattava in Buddhism. It was discovered in Chaiya District, Surat Thani Province in southern Thailand and is currently in a collection of Bangkok National Museum. It is one of the most beautiful and most widely recognised sculptures of Avalokiteshavara in Thailand.
The portrait of Jayavarman VII is a stone bust carved in Angkor during the late 12th or early 13th century representing Jayavarman VII and currently conserved at the Guimet Museum in Paris. It is one of the landmarks of the aesthetics of the Bayon style.
References
- 1 2 3 Muljana, Slamet (2006). Sriwijaya. Yogyakarta: LKiS Pelangi Aksara. pp. 279–284. ISBN 9789798451621. 9798451627, 9789798451621.
- 1 2 3 4 5 de Casparis, J.G. (1967). "The Date of The Grahi Buddha" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 55 (1). London.
- 1 2 Braginsky, Vladimir (2014-03-18). Classical Civilizations of South-East Asia. Routledge. pp. 86–98. ISBN 9781136848797.
- 1 2 Cœdès, George (1918). "Le Royaume de Çrīvijaya". Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient. 18 (1): 1–36. doi:10.3406/befeo.1918.5894.
