Guglielmo II da Verona (died 1273/1275) was a Lombard noble from the triarchy of Negroponte (Euboea), considered by earlier historians as a triarch and a marshal of the principality of Achaea in Frankish Greece.
He was the second [1] son of Guglielmo I da Verona, ruler of the southern third ("triarchy") of Euboea. [2]
According to earlier historians following K. Hopf, he succeeded to this position upon his father's death in 1263/6. He was also thought to have become Baron of Passavant and marshal in the Principality of Achaea from an hypothetical marriage to Margaret de Neuilly, [3] because he was improperly called "marshal" in Sanudo's Istoria di Romania. [4] These views have been challenged by Raymond-Joseph Loenertz in the 1960s.
He married Catherine, a niece of William II of Villehardouin, [5] with whom he had no known child.
Guglielmo was killed in the Battle of Demetrias, which took place either in 1273 or in 1275 in the area of modern Volos. [6] [7]
The Duchy of the Archipelago, also known as Duchy of Naxos or Duchy of the Aegean, was a maritime state created by Venetian interests in the Cyclades archipelago in the Aegean Sea, in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, centered on the islands of Naxos and Paros. It included all the Cyclades. In 1537, it became a tributary of the Ottoman Empire, and was annexed by the Ottomans in 1579; however, Christian rule survived in islands such as Sifnos and Tinos.
William of Villehardouin was the fourth prince of Achaea in Frankish Greece, from 1246 to 1278. The younger son of Prince Geoffrey I, he held the Barony of Kalamata in fief during the reign of his elder brother Geoffrey II. William ruled Achaea as regent for his brother during Geoffrey's military campaigns against the Greeks of Nicaea, who were the principal enemies of his overlord, the Latin Emperor of Constantinople Baldwin II. William succeeded his childless brother in the summer of 1246. Conflicts between Nicaea and Epirus enabled him to complete the conquest of the Morea in about three years. He captured Monemvasia and built three new fortresses, forcing two previously autonomous tribes, the Tzakones and Melingoi, into submission. He participated in the unsuccessful Egyptian crusade of Louis IX of France, who rewarded him with the right to issue currency in the style of French royal coins.
Lorenzo Tiepolo was Doge of Venice from 1268 until his death.
The War of the Euboeote Succession was fought in 1256–1258 between the Prince of Achaea, William of Villehardouin, and a broad coalition of other rulers from throughout Frankish Greece who felt threatened by William's aspirations. The war was sparked by Villehardouin's intervention in a succession dispute over the northern third of the island of Euboea, which was resisted by the local Lombard barons with the aid of the Republic of Venice. The Lord of Athens and Thebes, Guy I de la Roche, also entered the war against William, along with other barons of Central Greece. Their defeat at the Battle of Karydi in May/June 1258 effectively brought the war to an end in an Achaean victory, although a definite peace treaty was not concluded until 1262.
Nicholas I Sanudo was the fifth Duke of the Archipelago from 1323 to his death. He was the son and successor of William I of the House of Sanudo.
Licario, called Ikarios by the Greek chroniclers, was a Byzantine admiral of Italian origin in the 13th century. At odds with the Latin barons of his native Euboea, he entered the service of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, and reconquered many of the Aegean islands for him in the 1270s. For his exploits, he was rewarded with Euboea as a fief and rose to the rank of megas konostaulos and megas doux, the first foreigner to do so.
The Triarchy of Negroponte was a crusader state established on the island of Euboea after the partition of the Byzantine Empire following the Fourth Crusade. Partitioned into three baronies run by a few interrelated Lombard families, the island soon fell under the influence of the Republic of Venice. From circa 1390, the island became a regular Venetian colony as the Realm of Negroponte.
Boniface of Verona was a Lombard Crusader lord in Frankish Greece during the late 13th and early 14th century. A third son from a junior branch of his family, he sold his castle to equip himself as a knight, became a protégé of Guy II de la Roche, Duke of Athens, expelled the Byzantines from Euboea in 1296, and advanced to become one of the most powerful lords of Frankish Greece. Following Guy II's death, he served as regent for the Duchy of Athens in 1308–09, and was captured by the Catalan Company in the Battle of Halmyros in March 1311. The Catalans held Boniface in high regard, and offered to make him their leader. Boniface refused, but retained close relations with them, sharing their hostility towards the Republic of Venice and its own interests in Euboea. Boniface died in late 1317 or early 1318, leaving his son-in-law, the Catalan vicar-general Alfonso Fadrique, as the heir of his domains.
John Doukas Palaiologos was a Byzantine aristocrat, brother to Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, who served as the commander-in-chief of the Byzantine army. He played a prominent part in his brother's military campaigns, most notably in the crucial victory at the Battle of Pelagonia, but also in repeated campaigns against Epirus and against the Turks in Asia Minor. He retired from active service after his defeat at Neopatras, and died shortly after.
Ravano dalle Carceri was a Lombard nobleman. He was one of the first triarchs of Negroponte from 1205.
Maria Sanudo was lady of the island of Andros in the Duchy of the Archipelago in 1372–1383, and lady of the island of Paros and of one third of Negroponte in 1383–1426 in co-regency with her spouse, Gaspare Sommaripa.
The Battle of Demetrias was a sea engagement fought at Volos in Greece in the early 1270s between a Byzantine fleet and the assembled forces of the Latin barons of Euboea (Negroponte) and Crete. The battle was fierce, and initially in favour of the Latins, but the timely arrival of Byzantine reinforcements tipped the scale, resulting in a crushing Byzantine victory.
The Battle of Prinitza was fought in 1263 between the forces of the Byzantine Empire, marching to capture Andravida, the capital of the Latin Principality of Achaea, and a small Achaean force. The Achaeans launched a surprise attack on the greatly superior and overconfident Byzantine force, defeated and scattered it, saving the principality from conquest.
George I Ghisi was a Latin feudal lord in medieval Greece.
Bartholomew II Ghisi was a Latin feudal lord in medieval Greece, lord of Tinos and Mykonos, Triarch of Negroponte and Grand Constable of the Principality of Achaea.
William de la Roche was a Baron of Veligosti and Damala in the Principality of Achaea, and a relative of the ruling Dukes of Athens of the de la Roche family.
Peter dalle Carceri was a Triarch of Euboea and Baron of Arcadia. He was descended from the noble Dalle Carceri family, son of Grapozzo dalle Carceri and Beatrice of Verona, both Lords of Euboea.
The Family of Verona was a noble Italian family originally from Verona. The family descended from the Lombards, and are most notable as the ruling house of the Triarchy of Negroponte, established on the island of Euboea in Greece, between 1205 and 1470.
The bailo and captain of Negroponte was the representative of the Republic of Venice stationed at Chalcis (Negroponte) on the island of Euboea. The bailo played an important role as the mediator between, and de facto overlord of, the triarchs of Euboea, who had their common residence in Negroponte. The triarchies were created by the division of the island between three rulers (triarchs) after its conquest following the Fourth Crusade (1204).
Carintana dalle Carceri was the triarch of the northern third (Oreus) of the Lordship of Negroponte in Frankish Greece in circa 1220–1255. She was the daughter of Rizzardo dalle Carceri, whom she had succeeded in that capacity. Her childless death in 1255 provoked the War of the Euboeote Succession involving Venice and most rulers of Frankish Greece. This followed the complaint of one of Carintana's kinsmen, Leone dalle Carceri, to William of Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea, about being preempted from taking Carintana's inheritance by two other triarchs of Euboea, Narzotto dalle Carceri and his father-in-law Guglielmo da Verona. Leone's appeal resulted in Prince William ordering the imprisonment of Narzotto and Guglielmo and invading Negroponte, where he seized the northern triarchy of Oreus and the part of the city of Negroponte that pertained to the triarchs. The Venetian bailly retaliated, and a major regional conflict ensued. When peace was formally concluded in 1262, the triarchs Guglielmo da Verona, Narzotto dalle Carceri, and Grapella dalle Carceri officially recognized the suzerainty of the Prince of Achaia and undertook to honor their obligations to him and to Venice, "as they had been in the time of the Lady Carintana."